Molluginaceae

Mollugo verticillata

The Mollugogewächse ( Molluginaceae ) are a family in the order of the clove -like ( Caryophyllales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ).

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Habitus and sheets

There are annual or perennial herbaceous plants, subshrubs or shrubs. The whole plant is usually glabrous or rarely star hairs are present. Many species are slightly succulent. There are many waxes on the cuticle available.

The two Prophylle the side axes are clearly developed. The usually alternate and spiral, often against constantly arranged leaves are often in rosettes or Scheinwirteln summarized. The simple leaves are almost always entire. The stipules are membranous or absent.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers appear singly or often to many in terminal zymösen inflorescences. The flowers are hermaphrodite radial symmetry in almost all species. Unisexual flowers occur only very rarely; In this case the plants are monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). There are usually four or five rare ( at Glinus up to twenty) available sepal -like bracts. Stamens are usually five to ten ( two to twenty) available. The stamens can be grown free or at its base. The three-cell pollen grains have three apertures and are COLPAT with spinuloser surface. Rarely has a ( Adenogramma ), usually two to five or more rarely many carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. In the axial placentation one to many ovules per carpel are available. The stylus is short.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit capsules are lokulizidal or they open with a transverse slot. The starchy seeds can have an aril. It is endosperm present. The chlorophyll -free embryo is curved.

Ingredients and chromosome numbers

They contain flavonoids (C- Glycosylflavonoide ), ferulic acid and often saponins ( hopane saponins ). Calcium oxalate crystals are accumulated as raphides. There are often C3 plants or C4 plants.

The basic chromosome numbers x = 9 be mostly ( at Hypertelis x = 8).

Systematics and distribution

The Molluginaceae are common in dry ( arid ) areas of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Main distribution area is southern Africa.

The family name Molluginaceae was published in 1825 by Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling in contributions to botany, 2, p 158. Type genus is Mollugo L. Synonome for Molluginaceae Bartl. are: . Adenogrammaceae Nakai, Glinaceae Mart, Polpodaceae Nakai. Earlier today included the classified here taxa to the Aizoaceae. With rbcL gene sequence analyzes, a cladogram of MW Chase et al. Created in 1993, which showed that the Molluginaceae not closely related to the Aizoaceae. The exact position of the family within the order of Caryophyllales is still under discussion.

The membership of Corrigiola L. and L. Telephium to the family Caryophyllaceae Molluginaceae or has been controversial, but molecular genetic studies put them in the latter family, only one of the two species of the tribe Corrigioleae. Some authors also arrange the genus Gisekia here. This emulates the APWebsite own family Gisekiaceae; but they also belonged to the subfamily of Rivinioideae within the Pokeweed ( Phytolaccaceae ). The two sometimes classified here genera Limeum ​​L. (syn.: Semonvillea J.Gay ) and Macarthuria Hugel ex Endl. since 2005 belong to the Limeaceae shipunov ex Reveal. The genus Corbichonia Scop. ( Syn: . Orygia Forssk ) belongs to the family Lophiocarpaceae.

In the family, there are now approximately ten ( previously 9-13 ) genera with about 90 species:

  • Adenogramma Rchb. The about ten species are widespread in Africa.
  • Coelanthum E.Mey. ex Fenzl: The only two species are widespread in southern Africa.
  • Glinus L.: The about ten species are widespread.
  • Glischrothamnus Pilg. Contains only one type: Glischrothamnus ulei Pilg. , The home is the north-eastern Brazil.

Use

Man hardly species from this family are used. Mollugo verticillata of the sheets can be used as a spice, and the medicinal effects were examined.

Swell

  • The Molluginaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The Molluginaceae the family, including the Limeaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. ( Description section )
  • Dequan Lu & Heidrun EK Hartmann: Molluginaceae, pp. 437 - text the same online as printed work, in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27- X (sections description and classification)
  • Michael A. Vincent: Molluginaceae, pp. 509 - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 4 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003. ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (Sections Description and systematics)
Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Bioaccumulation C3 carbon fixation C4 carbon fixation Agricultural Research Service Digital Object Identifier
578683
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