Moraea

Moraea bellendenii

Moraea is a plant genus of the family of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ), belonging to the monocot plants. It occurs only in the Old World. The center of diversity is the capensis.

Description

Moraea species grow as a perennial, herbaceous plants. These geophytes form tubers ( sometimes called botanically incorrect onions) with fibrous sheaths ( " Tunic " ) as outlasting. The entire plant is hairless. At the bottom of simple or branched stem some leaves are formed, which are arranged opposite one another and double-spaced. The sessile, simple, parallel venation leaves are usually bifazial, flat and two -edged. The leaf margin is smooth.

The total branched inflorescences are composed of " Rhipidien ", either individually or several terminally stand together on a branch. Depending on a pair of permanent, foliage leaf -like bracts are under the " Rhipidien ". Usually a peduncle is present. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry blooms are triple and resemble those of the iris. There are two circles, each with three mostly free bloom cladding available. The three outer bracts are usually larger than the inner ones. The three outer bracts are nailed and their ends are bent back to spread, often with darker nectar lines. The three inner bracts are erect or spreading. The colors of the bracts range from white to yellow and blue. It's just a circle with three fertile stamens present. In many species, the stamens are partially fused to surrounding perfectly to the pen tube. The anthers are close to the pen branches. Three carpels are fused into one inferior ovary, with 20 to 50 ovules per ovary chamber. The stylus is down thready and then usually divided into three flat, petal -like stylus branches. In some species each of the three branches stylus is divided into two lobes.

Spherical or cylindrical cap fruits are lokulizid and contain many ( 20-100 ) seeds. The seeds are oily.

Occurrence

The genus has its diversity center Moraea in the Capensis with 120 species. In tropical Africa, 20 species live. Only two species occur north of the Sahara in the Mediterranean and the Middle East to the Middle ago.

System

The genus belongs to the tribe Moraea irideae in the subfamily Iridoideae within the family of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ).

The botanical genus name honored first as Morea written, the English botanist Robert More ( 1703-1780 ). However, Philip Miller changed him as Moraea in favor of Johan Moraeus, the father of Carl Linnaeus.

The genus Moraea today include the types of previous genera Barnardiella Goldblatt, Galaxia Thunb., Gynandriris Parl, Hexaglottis Vent., Homeria Vent. Roggeveldia and gold leaf. Other synonyms are Helixyra Salisb. ex NEBr. , rheometer Goldblatt and Sessilistigma gold leaf.

The genus Moraea is divided into five subgenera:

• Subgenus Grandiflora
• Subgenus Monocephalae
• Subgenus Moraea: With eleven sections: section Acaules
• Section deserticola
• Section Flexuosae
• Section Galaxia
• Section Gynandriris
• Section Hexaglottis
• Section Homeria
• Section Moraea
• Section Polyanthes
• Section Subracemosae
• Section tubiflora

• Section Thomasiae
• Section Vieusseuxia

Species

There are about 198 species in the genus Moraea (selection):

• Moraea algoensis Goldblatt
• Moraea anomala G.J. Lewis
• Moraea aristata (D. Delaroche ) Asch. & Graebn, home. South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea aspera Goldblatt
• Moraea atropunctata Goldblatt
• Moraea autumnalis ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea barnardii L. Bolus
• Moraea bellendenii ( Sweet) N. E. Br, Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea bifida ( L.Bolus ) Goldblatt
• Moraea bipartita L.Bolus
• Moraea brachygyne ( Schltr. ) Goldblatt
• Moraea britteniae ( L.Bolus ) Goldblatt
• Moraea bulbillifera ( G.J.Lewis ) Goldblatt
• Moraea caeca Barnard ex Goldblatt
• Moraea carsonii Baker
• Moraea cedar monticola Goldblatt
• Moraea ciliata ( L. f ) Ker Gawl.
• . Moraea collina Thunb, Origin: South Africa
• Moraea comptonii ( L.Bolus ) Goldblatt
• Moraea cookii ( L.Bolus ) Goldblatt
• Moraea demissa Goldblatt
• Moraea elegans Jacq.
• Moraea elliotii Baker
• Moraea falcifolia Klatt
• Moraea fenestrata ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea fergusoniae L. Bolus
• Moraea flaccida ( Sweet) Steud.
• Moraea flavescens ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea fragrans Goldblatt
• Moraea fugacissima ( L. f ) Goldblatt
• Moraea fugax (D. Delaroche ) Jacq.
• Moraea fuscomontana ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea gawleri Spreng.
• Moraea gigandra L. Bolus
• Moraea graminicola Oberm.
• Moraea huttonii ( Baker) Oberm, home. South Africa, Lesotho.
• Moraea inclinata Goldblatt
• Moraea inconspicua Goldblatt
• Moraea insolens Goldblatt
• Moraea Inyangani Goldblatt
• Moraea karroica Goldblatt
• Moraea knersvlaktensis Goldblatt
• Moraea lewisiae ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea longistyla ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea loubseri Goldblatt, Origin: South Africa (Western Cape ).
• Moraea louisabolusiae Goldblatt
• Moraea lugubris ( Salisb. ) Goldblatt
• Moraea macrocarpa Goldblatt
• Moraea marlothii ( L.Bolus ) Goldblatt
• Moraea mediterranea Goldblatt ( Syn: Gynandriris monophylla Boiss & Heldr ex Klatt. . )
• Moraea miniata Andrews
• Moraea minor Eckl.
• Moraea muddii N.E.Br.
• Moraea natalensis Baker
• Moraea ochroleuca ( Salisb. ) Drapiez
• Moraea ovalifolia Goldblatt
• Moraea pallida ( Baker) Goldblatt
• Moraea papilionacea ( L. f ) Ker Gawl.
• Moraea patens ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea pendula ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea Polyanthos L. f, Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea polystachya ( Thunb. ) Ker Gawl, home. South Africa, Southern Namibia, Botswana.
• Moraea injection eliana Diels
• Moraea pyrophila Goldblatt
• Moraea radians ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea ramosissima ( L. f ) Druce, Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea reflexa Goldblatt
• Moraea saxicola Goldblatt
• Moraea schlechteri ( L.Bolus ) Goldblatt
• Moraea serratostyla ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea setifolia ( L. f ) Druce
• Noon - Iris ( Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl, Syn. Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl ), Origin: Southern Europe, North Africa, Southwest Asia to central Asia.
• Moraea spathulata ( L. f ) Klatt, Origin: South Africa.
• Moraea stricta Baker
• Moraea thomsonii Baker
• Moraea tricolor Andrews, Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea tricuspidata ( L. f ) G.J. Lewis, Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea tripetala ( L. f ) Ker Gawl, home. South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea tulbaghensis L. Bolus (syn.: M. neopavonia RC Foster), Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea unguiculata Ker Gawl.
• Moraea valli belli ( Goldblatt ) Goldblatt
• Moraea vegeta L., Origin: South Africa (Cape ).
• Moraea verecunda Goldblatt
• Moraea vespertina Goldblatt & J. C. Manning
• Moraea vigilans Goldblatt & J. C. Manning
• Moraea villosa ( Ker Gawl. ) Ker Gawl, home. South Africa ( East Cape ).
• Moraea virgata Jacq.

Neotropical species and some other species that were formerly classified in the genus Moraea, are now placed in other genera. No longer belong to the genus (selection):

• Moraea aurantiaca Baker ⇒ Ferraria glutinosa ( Baker) Rendle
• Moraea bicolor Steud. ⇒ Dietes bicolor ( Steud. ) Sweet ex Klatt
• Moraea chimboracensis Kunth ⇒ Orthrosanthus chimboracensis ( Kunth ) Baker
• Moraea glutinosa Baker ⇒ Ferraria glutinosa ( Baker) Rendle
• Moraea iridioides L. ⇒ Dietes iridioides (L.) Sweet ex Klatt
• Moraea robinsoniana ( F.Muell. ) Benth. ⇒ Dietes robinsoniana ( F.Muell. ) Klatt

Toxicity

Moraea species are poisonous. They contain bufadienolides and cardiac glycosides, which led to disease and death of grazing animals in South Africa.

Pictures

Moraea bituminosa:

Moraea neglecta:

Noon - Iris ( Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl, Syn. Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl ):

Moraea tripetala:

Moraea vegeta:

Moraea viscaria:

Swell

• J. Gathe: Moraea. In: Western Australian Herbarium (ed.): Flora Base. The Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation 2008, online.
• Syed Ali Irtifaq, Brian Mathew: Flora of Pakistan 202: Iridaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2000 Moraea online ( English).
• Peter Goldblatt: Reduction of Barnardiella, Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, Homeria, and Roggeveldia in Moraea ( Iridaceae: irideae ). In: Novon. Volume 8, No. 4, 1998, pp. 371-377, online.
• Peter Goldblatt, Vincent Savolainen, Obie Porteous, Ivan Sostaric, Martyn Powell, Gail Reeves, John C. Manning, Timothy G. Barraclough, Mark W. Chase: Radiation in the Cape flora and the phylogeny of peacock irises Moraea ( Iridaceae ) based on four plastid DNA regions. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 25, No. 2, 2002, pp. 341-360, DOI: 10.1016/S1055-7903 (02) 00235 -X, a PDF file.
• B. Loeuille, P. Goldblatt, J. C. Manning, V. Savolainen: Molecular phylogeny of the genus Moraea ( Iridaceae: irideae ): DNA sequences analysis. In: Acta Botanica Gallica. Volume 150, No. 3, 2003, pp. 345-353.
• Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning: The Iris Family: Natural History and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, 2008, ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6.
• Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, Dee Snijman: The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs, Timber Press, Portland, 2002, ISBN 0-88192-547-0. .
• Peter Goldblatt: Iridaceae. In: G. V. Pope ( ed.): Flora Zambesiaca. Volume 12, Part 4, 1993, ISBN 0-947643-57-5, Moraea online.
• Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Boedeker, Siegmund Seybold: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Band. 2 species and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7.