Motor skill

Motor skills (from Latin motor, mover ', derived from movere, move ', ' drive ', and Greek motorikè téchne, movement technique ',' movement skill ',' art of movement ',' Movement ',' theory of motion ' ) denotes

• The totality of the actions of skeletal muscles,
• The quality of high-level movement skills ( acrobatics ),
• A branch of science of the motion ( motion or motor science ) and / or
• In music the identification of a continuous, pulsating rhythm (→ motor skills ( music) ).

Fields of application

According to its ambiguity of the term motor takes in different application areas of different meanings, the partially removed from the original sense of the word. In the field of science and neighboring disciplines and related terms have been born to such as the Motology or ( Applied ) Kinesiology that their autonomy document with their choice of words in addition to the movement or motor science:

• For the sports science motor skills is an essential part of the theory of motion. The discipline of motor science is primarily concerned with the sports motor skills, but also with the everyday motor skills and motor skills of the work in terms of learning, trainability and the expressive character of movements.
• The work of science puts her focus on job-specific requirements on the motion. Its focus is the professional or working motor skills. Motion studies, such as by light scanning system, provide information about economy of movement and movement efficiency over motor assessment and performance expectations.
• The physiology meant by motor randomly generated movements of the body that are controlled by specific brain centers that are implemented via the nervous conduction system by the muscular apparatus.
• In the language arts ( ballet, gymnastics expression, expressive dance, mime ), the term is used to refer to specific techniques of movement and movement arts.

Under terms / term field

• Everyday motor function characterizes the movement repertoire of daily life.
• Professional or work describes the specific motor movement repertoire of the physical working people ( workers, artisans, physiotherapist, Artist).
• Sportmotorik conceptualized the complex and advanced dynamic movement sequences in sport ( pole vault, Figure Skating, Gymnastics ).
• Expressive movements is focused on aesthetics and presentation of personality in the motion sequences.
• Sportmotorik aims at the optimization of economy of movement and movement efficiency ( competition, maximum power).
• Gross motor skills are the unfinished movements in a first acquisition phase.
• Identifies fine motor movements in advanced or mature stages of learning.
• Large motor skills involves the large-scale movements (as in dexterity ), where a larger number of motion organs is involved.
• Small motor skills refers to the small-scale movements (eg, manual dexterity, skill ), in which only a small part of the locomotor system is active.
• Lokomotorik concerns the location changing locomotor ( walking, running, swimming) in contrast to the situation changing movements.
• Vasomotor system is called the active interaction of nerves and muscles in the vasodilatation ( vasodilation )
• Speech motor control refers to the anatomical and physiological possibilities of articulating a man of his speech organs.
• Motor skills are people whose behavior the movement of life plays an important role.
• Psychomotor - it deals with the psycho-social conditions and consequences of the motor; including with the consequences of motor skills and lack of exercise capacity for mental and social development of the people (see Developmental Psychology )

Assessment of motor function

The motor shows is determined by numerous components. Their functioning and interaction constitutes its quality, especially that of conditional basic properties of coordination skills and personal charisma.

Most of the components have already been researched and recorded objectively using special experimental procedure. They allow conclusions on motor assessment, the motor of development, gender differences, the expression property or the motor learning progress, for example. There are a large number of more or less useful, by the user to critically questioning motor test deals for the part areas of basic properties ( strength, speed, endurance, etc.) to the coordinative basic skills ( coupling ability, responsiveness, anticipation talent, etc. ), or to the motor requirements of individual sports areas ( athletics, team games or winter sports ), so the general and sport-specific motor skills inventory. Here, the component movement coordination is of particular importance because of their high explanatory power of the overall complex motor skills.

Can be detected by analysis of movements and reflexes disorders of the muscles and / or nervous system in neurology.

Specialties of motor science

The sensorimotor (also Sensumotorik ) is interested in the relationships of sensations and muscle activity. They studied about the complex connections of visual and tactile perceptions, neural stimulus transport and motor processes. It involves specific control and regulation systems. The methods are derived from cybernetics.

Psychomotor makes the reciprocal relations between the spiritual and mental condition and sensitivities of the body to their research topic. It deals with the characteristic of the personality forms as talk mode, gestures, facial expressions, posture, gait and prepares the corresponding typologies out.

The Motology is the youngest branch of motor science. She pulled away as an independent workspace from the psychomotor and turns particularly striking children with learning and behavioral disorders ( hyperactivity, lability ). As a sub-forms the Motodiagnostik that Motopädagogik or the Moto therapy were created.