Muhajirun

Muhajiroun, مهاجرون / Muhāǧirūn /, emigrants ', as active participle derived from the verb hādschara هاجر / hāǧara / emigrate, stay away from ( own root ) ' are called those Meccan Muslims in early Islam either before or Muhammad with him from Mecca to Medina - then called Yathrib - have emigrated. This historically important event is called according to Hijrah.

History

The Koran and the so-called Municipal Code of Medina, Muhammad concluded with the Medinan Ansar, some Jewish tribes and the Meccans, the oldest historical sources in which the Meccan emigrants are called.

In Sura 8 verse 72 it says:

In Sura 9,100 is from the " first immigrants " is mentioned:

The Koran exegesis identifies these "firsts" among the emigrants المهاجرون الأولون / al - muhāǧirūn al - awwalūn from Mecca to Medina with those followers of Muhammad, who took part in its earliest activities up to the year 627 or even earlier, before January 624 - as Mohammed had moved the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to Mecca ( Kaaba ) - have already been Muslims.

In the biographies of the Companions of the Prophet - Ibn Hajar al - Asqalani, Ibn Abd al -Barr among others - Be the first Muslims of Mecca who have received under the social pressure of the pagan Meccans in the house of Al- Arqam ibn Abi 'l- Arqam protection, equated with the " first Muslim " and with the Quranic term " as- sabiqun " السابقون / as- sābiqūn called. According to your social status is low they called Muhammad ibn Sa'd († 845), the author of " class books " as " young people " or as " ( socially ) weak people " mustad'afun / مستضعفون / Mustad ʿ aFun.

The Meccan Änhänger Muhammad have been against the Ansar preferential treatment; the division of the spoils after the expulsion of the Banu Nadir n- and the destruction of the Banu Qurayza was only " the poor emigrants " (see sura 59, verse 8 ) was the distribution of allocations under the second Caliph Umar ibn al - Khattab " after the precedence in Islam and not the noble parentage " dhnach the early or later profession of Islam at the time of Muhammad.

Another group of emigrants represent those Muslims who emigrated from Mecca to Abyssinia and have only later connected to the Muslim community in Medina.

Have completed The members of the Arab tribes that Mohammed joined in Medina, and thus the " homage ( for the purpose ) of the emigration " بيعة الهجرة / bai ʿ atu ʾ l - hiǧra were understood even at the time of Muhammad as emigrants - as opposed to those members of Arab tribes that only the " nomadic, Bedouin homage " البيعة العربية / al - bai ʿ atu ʾ l - ʿ arabiya have done. They had no right to be called emigrants and come in the writings of Islamic history also does not in this sense. The break with Medina after made " tribute ( for the purpose ) of the emigration " was, however, as "waste ( Irtidad ) of the emigration ". The " Bedouin homage ", however, was not associated with a move to Medina.

Emigration to Medina served to consolidate the social position of Muhammad and was thus as a socio-politically necessary measure in the Quran is also expressed in the form of revelation. In Sura 3, verse 195 says:

After the victory over Mecca to Medina lost the emigration of course important; their place of jihad, the armed struggle came against the infidels.

Other meanings

As Muhajir the early Kharijites designated those who ( mu'askar ) have joined as supporters of the movement to their camp. In their opinion, no longer Medina, but the military camp of the movement was considered a " house of emigration ". Dar al - Hijra / دار الهجرة / Daru ʾ l - hiǧra This ideology from the late 7th century is the summary: " The dogmatic teachings of the followers of Islam and the controversial teachings of the faithful " of Abu l -Hasan al - Ash ' ari obtain († 935 ).