Muhammad Iqbal

Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( Urdu: محمد إقبال / Muhammad Iqbal, born November 9, 1877 in Sialkot, † April 21, 1938 in Lahore, both then British India, now Pakistan ) was a Muslim poet and mystic persischsprachiger Indian descent and is today, as a national poet of Pakistan. Muhammed Iqbal is also often called Allama Iqbal ( علامہ اقبال, from the Arabic word Ulema: Arabic علماء, Pl of Alim, Arabic عالم, " knower " derived here as an honorary title more closely related within the meaning of scholar.. . ) most of his works are written in the Persian language.

Iqbal made ​​in Lahore his Master of Arts in Philosophy. 1905-1907 he studied in Cambridge, Munich and Heidelberg Law and Philosophy and a Ph.D. from the University of Munich with Fritz Hommel. It was these years of apprenticeship, the young Iqbal to lead, to compare the Orient and his philosophies with those of the West. He developed a strong sense of mission and called upon his return to his home country a stronger solidarity among Muslims, which should enable them to reach spiritual ascent after years of decline again. His most important works include Asrar -e- Khudi (Eng. " The Secrets of the Self " ), 1915 and Payam -e- Mashriq (Eng. "The message of the East" ) 1923, written in response to Goethe's West - Eastern Divan is.

However, Allama Iqbal left behind not only a wide range of poetic legacy, but influenced beyond politics and philosophy in a sustainable way - and thus stood in the tradition of the universal genius Goethe, for Iqbal harbored deep reverence and admiration itself.

Committed he sat down - about 1930 as president of the All-India Muslim League Conference - for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan a what later became known by Muhammad Ali Jinnah as a two - nation theory.

Iqbal died in 1938, so in 1947 he not witnessed the creation of the state of Pakistan. Nevertheless, he considered the spiritual father of Pakistan and is now considered primarily as the most important Islamic philosopher of modern times.

Iqbal's works were especially translated and annotated by Annemarie Schimmel into German.

In Heidelberg, has been named with the Iqbal -Ufer, one about 1200 meters long piece of B37 along the southern bank of the Neckar, a road to the philosopher and poet. In Munich stands on Habsburgerplatz a monument dedicated to the poets, politicians and philosophers.