Multiphonics

Under Multiphonics is understood in the music techniques by certain gripping or blowing techniques (or the introduction of objects into and keyboard as with the prepared piano ) to generate more than one tone on a same instrument. In some instruments, these techniques are also called multi-tone or Spaltklang; next to the designation Multiphonic is in use.

Acoustically, they go back on combination effects (difference and summation tones) of each participating Sub vibrations of a sound. For example, it is possible on many wind instruments, to produce the same by normal blowing a sound and simultaneous singing into the mouthpiece, several tones. In different mock and hineingesungenem tone arise overtones that are so strong audible that even chords sound can; jazz and rock music such techniques first by the flutist Roland Kirk and Ian Anderson (of Jethro Tull ) were known. In the new music appropriate techniques were almost simultaneously developed and introduced into the composition. For example, is the oboist Heinz Holliger multiphonics in the composition " Seven Sang " (1966/1967) for voices, oboe, speaker and orchestra, and particularly in the "Study on multiple sounds " (1971) for oboe solo one.

For the generation of summation and difference tones in wind instruments, especially the vibration behavior of the air column inside the sound tube and the mouthpiece is vital. Brass as Albert Mangelsdorff, Vinko Globokar or Michel Godard ( also flautist ) produce multiple sounds mostly by simultaneous singing and playing different pitches and the resulting combination tones, woodwinds like Theo Jörgensmann use them in general, specific approach techniques and changes of Anblasdrucks ( overblowing ) and special fingerings. Sounds produced with these techniques depend highly on the acoustic properties of each instrument, as well as his opponent (eg, shape and size of the pharyngeal cavity ) from.