Mustapha bin Harun
Malayan Name: The name component "bin Datu Harun " is a patronymic, not a family name; the person so called Mustapha.
Tun Datu Haji Mustapha bin Datu Harun SPDK, SMN, OBE ( born July 31, 1918 in Kudat, † January 2, 1995 in Kota Kinabalu ), commonly known as Tun Mustapha, the first Yang di - Pertua Negeri and was the third Prime Minister of the Sabah state in Malaysia and president of the party United Sabah National Organization ( USNO ). His term as Prime Minister lasted from 1967 to 1975. Through its leading role in the negotiations on the accession of British North Borneo with the Federation of Malaya, he is considered one of the founding fathers of the state of Sabah.
Tun Mustapha was one of the proponents of mass conversions in Sabah, where a significant number of non-Muslim indigenous people of Sabah were converted to Islam. In the mass gatherings financial and other benefits were awarded to those who publicly turned to Islam.
Life
Tun Mustapha was born on July 31, 1918 in Kampung Limau - Limauan in the district of Kudat. He was the eldest of nine siblings of the spouses Datu Datu Harun Hj Abdul Rahim Nasaruddin and Norani both the indigenous group of Bajau - Suluk belonged. He also had five other siblings from the second marriage of his father Haji Janzarah.
Mustapha's birth name was originally Datu Badiozaman and points to his relationship with Sultan Badiozaman, an early Sultan of Sulu. Because of his poor health, his parents, however, were of the opinion that the child is not capable to bear the name of such famous ancestors and changed it to Datu Mustapha.
At the age of ten years he worked as an errand boy for residents of Kudat, EW Morell. In 1932, he signed up at St. James School, a mission school, which he, however, already left nine months later. On 18 October 1934, he joined as an office assistant in the service of the North Borneo Chartered Company. ER Evans, the District Officer encouraged him to improve his lack of education through self-learning. Mustapha's efforts were successful, and on February 1, 1937, he was first on Native Clerk, and later promoted to Opium Clerk. He remained in this post until the invasion of the Japanese.
During the Second World War, he was sought by the Japanese because of the riots, which he instigated mainly in Kudat against them. Since they could not get hold of him, they took his younger brother, and slew him, after trying in vain to learn from him the whereabouts of Tun Mustapha.
At the invitation of the colonial administration and the British Council traveled Mustapha 1959 for a one-year scholarship to England and studied English language and political science there.
Tun Mustapha died on January 2, 1995 at the Sabah Medical Centre, Teluk Likas, Kota Kinabalu. He was buried in the Muslim cemetery in Kampung Ulu / Ulu Seberang in Putatan; a cemetery on the grounds formerly an attachment by Mat Salleh was. On the initiative of the State Government of Sabah this cemetery is now called " Taman Tun Datu Mustapha Memorial ".
Political career
Some Tun Mustapha is known as the "Father of Sabah's independence " or "Father of construction in Sabah ". However, he is also considered by many opposition politicians of the later BERJAYA Administration as a dictator (mainly through the granting of forest concessions ) to investigate the huge sums of money from the country's assets misappropriated for his lavish lifestyle. Thus, two private, maintained by the government-owned airline Sabah Air Boeing 707 belonged to him and stately residences in England and Australia.
In December 1961 Mustapha founded the party United Sabah National Organization ( USNO ). Along with Donald Stephens, he is counted among the main actors who promoted the independence of Sabah and had to join the Federation of Malaya in 1963 prepared. At the foundation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, he became the first Yang di - Pertua Negeri of the State of Sabah. In the 1967 election, his party won Mustapha and USNO became the third Prime Minister of Sabah.
During his time as Prime Minister of Sabah, the relationship to the Malaysian federal government was not very good. Although the USNO for the Barisan Nasional coalition government was in Kuala Lumpur, it was there some settings Mustaphas worried, especially about his intention, or rather his threat that Sabah could also renounce Malaysia again. Mustapha also refused to sign an agreement with the federal government, which stipulated that Sabah receives only 5 % of the revenues from oil production in its coastal area. Mustapha, however, required a minimum participation of 30%.
Based on these controversies left Harris Salleh, the Secretary General of the USNO in 1975, the party and founded BERJAYA, which was supported by the Federal Government. BERJAYA won the state elections in 1976 and drove Mustapha from his office.
Mustapha remained active in politics and led the USNO in four consecutive state elections (1981, 1985, 1986 and 1990). Although she never regained the majority, they succeeded permanently to keep some seats in the Legislative Assembly of Sabah. Although she was in Sabah in the role of the opposition, the USNO partner remained the Barisan Nasional coalition government at the level of the Malaysian Federal Government. After the elections in Sabah in 1990, as BERJAYA lost its parliamentary majority to the party Parti Bersatu Sabah, he allied himself again with Harris Salleh. This resulted in an alliance between USNO and BERJAYA from the United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ) emerged. Mustapha was the first chairman of UMNO Sabah.
Islamization in Sabah
The Christian communities of Sabah Tun Mustapha remains as the one in memory, the foreign missionaries and church people refused the extension of their visas, if they had no residence permit. All priests, who defended themselves against their expulsion was, arrest Mustapha taking advantage of his powers as Chairman of the State Security Operation Committee and as Prime Minister of Sabah.
The reason for the expulsion Mustapha stated that the priests would be involved in politics. From their pulpits they would preach the laity not to vote in the upcoming elections for Mustapha's party, but for Berjaya or PBS. Undoubtedly Mustapha had his informants to sit in the pews, but even so everyone could churchgoers, whether Christian or non - Christian witness, that the priest did just that. As such, the church itself was not entirely innocent of the resulting disputes. Also did Peter Chung, the Bishop of Sabah nothing to call his priesthood to order, what the tense situation with Tun Mustapha further intensified.
At his instructions, he led the police on the morning of December 2, 1972 by raids in the mission stations in Tambunan, Papar, Bundu Tuhan and Kuala Penyu. The raids in Tambunan and Papar were successful; in the early morning hours had the ropes of the church bells cut off so no one could be warned. Long before the community members got wind of it, the priests were imprisoned in Kapayan.
The raid in Kuala Penyu was initially a fiasco - the police were waiting on their arrival by a six- hundred -strong reception committee. At 11 clock moved to gain time for the police forces. Under the use of tear gas, mobile forces, an application bar, an attack command, fifteen land rovers, two trucks and a helicopter was finally able to police to take a single unarmed priest.
On December 15, more clerics were arrested in Keningau, Tenom and Limbahau.
The other priests who were only in possession of a temporary residence permits were forced to leave their communities to say farewell, and either go back home or take a service in the neighboring countries.
In November 2009, the Malaysian Ministry of Interior forbade a biography of Tun Mustapha's political adversaries Datuk Peter Mojuntin. The reason was the alleged Datuk Peter attempt Mustaphas turned out in the book, to destroy Christianity in Sabah through deportations and arrests of foreign missionaries. During the raids also Datuk Peter's house was surrounded by police, as he gave vent to his loud protest of the persecution of priests. Only the strong political influence of the Kadazan of Penampang he owed that he escaped even an arrest.
Social commitment
In addition to his involvement in politics and religion, the education sector in Sabah him at heart. He proposed to found the Sabah Foundation ( Yayasan Sabah ) and went to the founding of the first university, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia the ( UKM ) Sabah Campus, earned, as well as the emergence of the ITM ( Institut Teknologi Mara ).
Chaired by Tunku Abdul Rahman and later under Datuk Patinggi Taib was doing Mustapha also Deputy Chairman of PERKIM, a controversial charity organization for Muslim converts. He was also CEO of United Sabah Islamic Association ( USIA ) and member of the RISEAP.
Honors
Even before the beginning of his political career enjoyed Tun Mustapha the trust and support of both the population and the colonial government. In 1951, the honorary title of Orang Kaya Kaya ( OKK ) he was therefore appointed, with the highest chiefs of the indigenous groups of Sabah are called.
On September 16, 1964 him the first degree of the Yang Amat Mulia Kinabalu Darjah (The Illustrious Order of Kinabalu ) was awarded.
One of the highest honor the State can bestow Malaysia, was awarded to him on 26 November 1964, the Yang di - Pertuan Agong gave Mustapha the title Seri Maharaja Darjah Mangku Negara (SMN ). Mustapha was the first inhabitants of Sabah, who was allowed the honorary title Tun prefixing its name. [Note 1] Internationally received Tun Mustapha numerous honors. 1972 awarded him the President of Lebanon for his contribution to the unity of the Muslims the title K.St.J. ( Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem ). Tun Mustapha is also winner of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE).
In recognition of his services to the state of Sabah, the government dropped the Sabah Foundation Building posthumously in Tun Mustapha Tower ( Menara Tun Mustapha ) to rename.
Posthumously, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, he was awarded an honorary doctorate of philosophy on 2 to 3 September 2006 during the 8th Convocation Ceremony.