Nadezhda Krupskaya
Nadezhda Krupskaya Konstantinovna (Russian Надежда Константиновна Крупская, scientific transliteration Nadezhda Krupskaya Konstantinovna; * 14 Februarjul / February 26 1869greg in Saint Petersburg, .. † February 27, 1939 in Moscow) was a Russian politician, revolutionary, teacher, and wife and comrade Lenin.
Nadezhda Krupskaya was born as the daughter of a teacher and of the aristocratic officer Konstantin Ignatievich Krupski in Saint Petersburg. She attended high school and then completed training as a teacher. She taught workers in a Marxist circle of students in St. Petersburg, as Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov in 1894 they, the later Lenin met, who worked as a lawyer in the law firm MF Wolkenstein there.
Together they visited political events and hit it off right away. In 1896 she was sentenced to two years in prison for " illegally agitation " of which she had to serve six months, which was followed by a three-year exile. Their destination was the climatically unfavorable Ufa She asked to be allowed to spend their exile as a "bride" in Shushenskoe Ulyanov ( Lenin before leaving for Siberia had volunteered to marriage, Lenin had rejected); the request was granted, with the stipulation Nadezhda Krupskaya's marriage to Ulyanov must take place "immediately", and after his exile she had to go alone to Ufa. Together with her mother Elizabeth Wassiljewna Krupskaya traveled the young woman to Siberia; the mother of Elizabeth should live together for a lifetime with the subsequent couple. After the religious marriage in 1898, the family spent the exile in Shushenskoe. The exiles received financial support from the government in the amount of 17 kopecks a day and set up a sixteen -year-old maid named Pasha Jaschenko. During the exile, they wrote development of capital in Russia. Nadezhda Krupskaya presented in Shushenskoe the publication "The working woman " ( " Женщина - работница " ) finish, which was first printed in 1901 in Munich. 1906, the publication has been reprinted in an edition of 20,000 copies and distributed free of charge to female employees and workers.
After their exile Nadezhda Krupskaya followed Ulyanov, who called himself thenceforth Lenin, with her mother to Munich.
Together, they issued the journal Iskra and fought for the establishment of the party. The Krupskaya replaced an entire Secretariat and organization office. She took all the correspondence that had to be done for the building of the revolutionary movement in Russia. Your language skills - she dominated German, French, English and Polish - proved to be the long-term exile in Germany, Switzerland, France and Poland as indispensable.
After the October Revolution of 1917 Nadezhda Krupskaya established the socialist school system and education system. You and Lenin saw each other only rarely at this time. From 1921 she taught at the Academy for Political Education, and after Lenin's death in 1924, she took his place at congresses and received awards from the Party ( CPSU ) on behalf of her deceased husband. Your attempt to prevent her from Stalin to power, led to its political isolation. Nevertheless, she received in 1929 the post of Deputy Commissioner for Public Education.
Since 1927, member of the CPSU Central Committee, she was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
Nadezhda Krupskaya died on 27 February 1939 at the age of 70, her ashes were interred in the Kremlin Wall.
In the former GDR, the name of the companion Lenin was often used for naming public facilities.
Others
At the beginning of his famous secret speech to the Twentieth. Congress of the CPSU in February 1956 - this speech launched the open -Stalinization - Khrushchev quoted from two letters as follows:
Letter (23 December 1922) by Krupskaya at Kamenev, who was then chairman of the Politburo:
" Lev Borisovic, because of the short letter that Vlad. Il'ič dictated by permission of the doctors me, allowed Stalin to me yesterday a rough loss. I'm not new in the party. During all the thirty years I have by any comrades a single coarse word belongs. , the interests of the party and I do not Il'ičs are less expensive than they are Stalin. I now need a maximum of self-control. Whereof one can speak with Il'ič and what not, white I'm better than any doctor, because I know what excites him and what does not, in any case, I know that better than Stalin. I turn to you and Grigory as comrades, are closer than others, the VI, and ask me to protect against coarse interference in my private life to threaten before degrading insults and threats. at the unanimous decision of the control Commission, with Stalin allowed himself, I doubt not. , but I have neither strength nor time to concern myself with these silly intrigue. I, too, am a living man, and my nerves are stretched to breaking.
N. Krupskaya.
On March 5, 1923, Lenin sent Stalin ( with a copy to the comrades Kamenev and Zinoviev ) the following letter:
Dear gene. Stalin!
They had the rudeness, my wife to pick up the phone and insult them. Although she has agreed to you to forget what has been said, Zinov'ev and Kamenev have experienced this fact by itself. I have no intention, so easy to forget what you did to me, and of course I look at what you did to my wife, as something that was done to me. Therefore, to consider whether you are willing to take back what has been said and to apologize, or if you prefer to break off relations between us, I ask you.
Sincerely Lenin