Nadezhda Suslova
Nadezhda Prokofyevna Suslova (Russian Надежда Прокофьевна Суслова; * 1 Septemberjul / September 13 1843greg in Panino, Ujesd Gorbatov, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, .. † April 20, 1918 in Alushta ) was the first Russian doctor and professor of medicine.
Life
Nadezhda Suslova ( in non-Russian sources also Nadezhda, Nadejda or wrong Natalja ) was born in 1843 as the daughter of a freed Russian serfs and peasants. Despite this the worst possible conditions for an academic career, she passed the exams for high school and graduated in 1859 the house Teachers' Diploma.
From 1861 to 1864, she was allowed to be a trainee at the Medico-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg. Thus, the possibilities were for the highly gifted young woman but in Russia by Tsar Alexander II maxed out.
Because of the Russian higher education prohibition for women, she was forced to go abroad. The University of Zurich was regarded as the most liberal place of learning in Europe, because it is the first of a democratic state - had been established - regardless of the church or a Prince. Therefore already in 1840 isolated the first women were admitted as listeners in lectures at the Faculty of Philosophy.
1866 Nadezhda Suslova was the first Russian woman and also the first woman who was allowed to enroll at the University of Zurich. Only two years later it was followed with Marie Heim- Vögtlin the first Swiss medical student at the University of Zurich.
After Zurich, she traveled with her sister Apollinarija Suslova, which was known as a lover of Fyodor Dostoevsky. In a letter she wrote home: "I'm the first but not the last. After me thousands will come. "In fact, the Russians did in 1872 over 30 percent of all students at the University of Zurich. For women, the proportion of 109 Russian women, or 95 percent of all students Zurich was even three times higher.
None, however, was as gifted as Nadezhda Suslova, which was the first female doctor in the German-speaking countries as well as in Russia, with only 24 years. Under the 3221 student number can be read in the archives of the University of Zurich that Suslova doctorate on December 14, 1867 the medical faculty. Her dissertation is entitled "Contribution to the physiology of the lymph hearts " ( VZU 476).
Shortly after her graduation she married on April 16, 1868 the Zurich ophthalmologist Friedrich Erismann and moved with him in 1869 to Saint Petersburg. While there Erismann led his practice, Nadezhda Suslova founded as the first woman in Russia own practice of gynecology and pediatrics. Their marriage was dissolved by the district court in Aarau on 18 August 1883.
A few years earlier, Nadezhda Suslova had the Russian histologist Alexander Efimovich Golubev met, whom she married after her divorce from Swiss Erisman. Together, they formed in 1880 in the emerging commercial city of Nizhny Novgorod, a common practice. Nadezhda Suslova but it did not last long from the north, as early as 1893, the couple moved further into the spa town of Alushta on the Crimean peninsula. She did the poor inhabitants of the small town on the Black Sea free medical care and established a free school for the village children, a high school and the city hospital. In addition to her charitable work, the doctor wrote a few books on philosophy.
Nadezhda Suslova died on April 20, 1918 in Alushta, and was buried in the village Lasurnoje between cypresses and vineyards.