Neah Bay, Washington

Clallam County

53-48295

Neah Bay is a place in the northwest of the state of Washington. He had in 2000 794 inhabitants, in 2010 already 865 The statistics office he is regarded as census-designated place in reserve the Makah in Clallam County. 2010 lived 181 families. Of the 12.1% of residents were recorded as white, 0.2% as Black, 5.4% as Latino, and 9.7% were two or more races on. 77.1 % were counted among the Indians referred to as Native Americans, almost exclusively Makah. These are among the Nuu- chah- nulth, whose other tribes live exclusively on the Vancouver, Canada, Iceland.

History

The name of the place goes back to the Makah Chief Dee- ah, as defined by the neighboring Klallam, which are among the coastal Salish uttered. Even the name of the Makah, the " Kwih - you - choo - ahtx " ( Qwidiččaʔa · t  ) called themselves, comes from the Klallam. From the bay, which bore his name, the place took its name. 1789 appeared the Boston Robert Haswell and first described the place Neah Bay, the not yet bear this name.

1790 Manuel Quimper took the bay for Spain and named it in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta Bahía de Núñez Gaona. 1792 Salvador Fidalgo was built a fortified trading post on the bay, but he had to give it up soon. In Neah Bay itself, there were conflicts with the Spanish commander of the assessment repertoire of most Europeans already summarized, by describing the Makah as " warlike, devious and mischievous " - apparently without any sense of the perspective of those affected by their harsh military action. George Vancouver mapped during which the bay, but without contact with the Makah or the Spaniards. American traders named the Bay Poverty Cove.

Early as the late 18th century reached the entrained by Europeans epidemics and the Makah, whose numbers fell drastically. 1805-1806 was estimated that their number is still on around 2,000, in 1853 only on 500 The Observer of Indians James Swan in 1861 counted exactly 654 Makah, in 1905 there were only 435 in 1937 did only 407

1841 mapped a U.S. expedition led by Charles Wilkes, the region and called the book Scarborough Harbour - in honor of Captain James Scarborough of the Hudson's Bay Company, who had supported the expedition. In Wilkes map first appears the name " Neah " if this also situated in the bay island Waada Iceland designated. The bay called for the first time in 1847 Captain Henry Kellett " Neeah Bay". 1833 Japanese stranded in the bay, in 1840 Russians.

1846 brought the border treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, the area of the Makah to the United States. On January 31, 1855 Governor Isaac Ingalls Stevens of Washington Territory negotiated the Treaty of Neah Bay. The Makah waived in return for obtaining their living, hunting and gathering rights on 300,000 acres of land, ihhr reserve comprised only 27 265 acre.

In Neah Bay sat an Indian agent; 1862 Advanced Henry A. Webster limited in the reserve in 1869, he called with success the permanent increase. But the Makah opposed the plans to make them farmers. Also there came now and again into open conflict with neighboring tribes, but also with Ditidaht and Sooke on Vancouver Iceland. Similar to the Nuu- chah- nulth in Canada, the Makah were evangelized, placed their children in schools that deprived them of the use of their language and the basics of their culture. Therefore, the language of the Makah was soon almost extinct. Within the reserve there was a police force in 1882 and was an Indian court (Indian court).

First, it succeeded the Makah to hire in white shipowners and hunt seals (from about 1880). End of the 19th century, they had their own ships and dedicated white sealers. They formed in 1880 Neah Bay Fur Sealing Company and chartered the ship Lottie in Port Townsend. Finally, Chief James Claplanhoo bought the ship, another three savers were acquired to finally Discovery in Victoria. 1886 bought chief Peter Brown the schooner Champion. However, their were opportunities to build your own fishing industry, zunichtegemacht by legal restrictions. The privatization of the tribal territory began in 1907, each Makah received only ten acre.

1929 had the Neah Bay Dock Company, a subsidiary of Puget Sound Navigation Company a hotel in Neah Bay. 1931 the relative isolation has been repealed by the completion of a coastal road.

The Indian Shaker Church founded by John Slocum also found in Neah Bay trailer, but it came in 1927 to a split on the question of the use of the Bible in worship. William Kitsap, which also rejected the episcopal election for life, called to a private meeting in Neah Bay, while his opponents gathered in Oakville. The congregation elected two bishops. The dispute in 1945 was cleared by the Snohomish County Superior Court

Since the early 20s the Makah teach again their own language. In 1934, she agreed to the Indian Reorganization Act to. This allowed a limited self-government under elected leaders. But above all, remained the Trust land from alienation protected. So they prevented the best plots and traps were sold. 1936 and 1937 she received a constitution and a charter. 1952 founded some of the elders ( Elders ) is a school in which traditional techniques, such as editing canoes could be learned.

In the 50s, followed clashes with the government to fish and seal hunting rights. The Makah were now robbed, since the countries bordering the Pacific had expressed fishing bans, without providing for compensation for their rights. In 1984 she got back to compensate Waada and Tatoosh Iceland.

The Coast Guard maintains a base in Neah Bay, a warning system was able to save 41 marine vessels since 1999.