Neutrophilia

As neutrophilia is called (short: neutrophils) an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood. The neutrophilia is the most common form of leukocytosis, ie the increase in the number of white blood cells.

Physiological neutrophilia

The physiological neutrophilia caused by the release of the hormone adrenaline, such as fear, joy or heavy physical activity. Adrenaline results in a temporary, one-hour increase in mature neutrophils through the release of neutrophils from the storage tissues into the blood.

Glucocorticoidinduzierte neutrophilia

To an increase in glucocorticoid levels may by administration as a drug ( exogenous), but they are also endogenously by increased formation in the adrenal gland (about the Cushing's disease or stress, pain or trauma). Glucocorticoids are increasingly mature neutrophils from the stores into the blood and also inhibit the migration of neutrophils from the blood into the tissues.

Upon administration of exogenous glucocorticoids, the increase in neutrophil count occurs within four to eight hours and returns after one to three days back to the initial value.

Acute inflammation

Acute inflammation, sepsis, necrosis or immune-mediated diseases lead to an increased need for neutrophils in inflammation and an increased release from the bone marrow. With stronger inflammation while immature neutrophils are released increases, there is a shift to the left.

The surgical removal of a site of inflammation or wound drainage also cause a transient increase in neutrophil count.

Chronic inflammation

Some chronic purulent inflammation (eg pyometra, abscesses, pyothorax, pyoderma ) and some neoplasms may be an increased formation (hyperplasia ) of neutrophils in the bone marrow, leading to a strong neutrophilia. Again, left shift and monocytosis and often hyperglobulinemia often.

A second form of neutrophilia in chronic inflammation occurs when an equilibrium is established from bone marrow production, release and Gewebsbedarf. Here, the Leukozytengesamtzahl and neutrophil count is usually increased in the upper normal range or only slightly and a monocytosis most distinctive change in the white blood count.

Anemia

In anemia due to bleeding or immune-mediated disease with haemolysis, it also results in an increase in the leukocyte count. Mature neutrophils are increasingly released about three hours after an acute hemorrhage.

Chronic granulocytic leukemia

The chronic granulocytic leukemia is usually characterized by a marked neutrophilia with a left shift. This Neutrophilenvorläufer immature ( promyelocytes, myeloblasts ) are increasingly encountered.

Congenital Neutrophilien

A congenital B2- integrin deficiency can ( Irish Setter va) occur and leads to a reduced adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium, reduced chemotaxis, and decreased ability to fight bacteria in some breeds. This leads to a neutrophilia and recurrent infections.

The cyclic hematopoiesis (gray colic syndrome ) is characterized by cyclical fluctuations of the leukocyte count in intervals of 10 to 12 days. Here, neutrophilia and neutropenia alternate.