New Pedestrianism
New Pedestrianism (or short NP), German as: " New pedestrian culture" is a variation of New Urbanism in urban planning. It was founded by Michael Edward Arth, an American artist, designer, futurist and author 1999. It addresses issues that arise in connection with the New Urbanism and is an attempt to solve various social, health, energy-related, economic, aesthetic and environmental issues, with particular attention to the reduction of the role of the car and increasing the pedestrian friendliness. A quarter or a new city, which makes itself NP advantage is called the Pedestrian Village ( pedestrian village). Pedestrian Villages can vary almost every home and business from virtually free of charge to the arrangement of car driveways behind, but the pedestrian is always forward.
New Pedestrianism was proposed for Kisima Kaya, a new city in Kenya for Tiger Bay Village, FL as a solution to the homeless problem and for new towns and neighborhoods that are being built everywhere, whether as conversion of existing neighborhood, infill, suburban areas or entirely new cities.
Pedestrian Villages ( pedestrian villages) have a higher density because the buildings can be built on car-free paths close to each other, without the need for wide resets the houses from the street, which are typical of the usual urban sprawl. This again emphasizes the design of buildings, public peaceful and intimate places and an aesthetic that is in the size ratio to pedestrians.
History
How New Urbanism has its roots in New Pedestrianism dense, mixed-use neighborhoods that ( and elsewhere ) were common in the U.S. and before the first quarter of the twentieth century. New Pedestrianism based on previous urban planning experiments that have focused on the separation of pedestrians and vehicles.
In some beach communities in Southern California, including Venice, California were built around 1905 " Gehstraßen " in some blocks near the beach. The houses were of 1- 3m wide Gehzonen. Narrow streets in the rear area were provided for cars and parking. The canals in Venice were built in the same time window and also had both walkways and canals located in front of the house.
Urban planner Ebenezer Howard and Sir Patrick Geddes had early influence on the design of New Jersey, which was built for the dawn of the automobile age in 1929. Radburn had in so-called cul -de -sac systems, who were advancing pedestrian zones front and rear car access into large blocks with mixed use. A study by John Lansing at the University of Michigan in 1970 showed that 47 % of its residents did their shopping on foot, compared with 8 % in the close vicinity of conventional residential areas. He also determined that Radburns Total population far less car drove as in other areas. The Radburn floor plan has since been copied in various countries such as Sweden, England, New Zealand and Australia.
The San Antonio River Walk, also known as " Paseo del Rio, " was created in 1929. In this case, the San Antonio River was regulated and transformed into a peaceful canal with bilateral bustling promenades, squares, roadside cafes, restaurants, clubs, shops, hotels and other items, which were completely separated from any traffic. The boardwalks lead through the streets below, as Paseo del Rio, a floor below the road, and the car access to the buildings was one floor above the river.
Village homes in California were founded in 1975 by Michael and Judy Corbett. The 70 acres have 225 homes and 20 apartments. Solar design and solar panels have been used for heat production. The houses have on the one side walkways that lead through an extensive greenbelt system and car access roads on the other side.
Some roads in the new urban development in Florida have also walks in front of a part of the houses.
2005 was offered as part of a solution for the reconstruction of New Orleans New Pedestrianism of Arth.
New Pedestrianism for the homeless
Arth suggested that a pedestrian village for the homeless in Volusia county, Florida, to be built as a prototype for a national solution, which would cost less than what he describes as " instantaneous patch approach to the problem ". Tiger Bay Village would be virtually car-free and provide six different dwelling types available, which vary from multi-bed barracks in buildings that look like traditional two-storey houses, up to Katrina Cottages. There would be a lake, swimming lagoon, pool, walking trails, community gardens and orchard. The residents would help to build the village and to entertain, and it would also serve as a permanent home for people with intellectual disabilities. All needs of both short-term as well as long-term residents would breastfeed on site, and the village would be on a main bus route .. The proposal fueled a national debate on how it should be dealt with homeless people, while at the same time from various sources was mocked as a "resort for the homeless " and " labor camps reserve". "
Films about New Pedestrianism ( New pedestrian culture)
New Urban Cowboy: The work of Michael E. Arth, produced in 2007, is a feature length documentary that tells the story of Arths struggle with the conversion of the cracking slum in a pedestrian district, while he explains the philosophy of the New Pedestrianism.
The Labors of Hercules: Modern Solutions to 12 Herculean problem ' ( The tasks of the new Hercules: Modern Solutions to 12' Hercules problems). With 2008 as the planned release date this feature-length documentary follows the book with the same title and will address social issues that are associated with New Pedestrianism.
Examples
Examples of Pedestrian Villages ( pedestrian villages) in the style of New Pedestrianism, which represent different types:
- Two ports, California: Intended car-free pedestrian village on Catalina Iceland, California. In 1999.
- Paseo Del Mar, Santa Barbara, California. Pedestrian village below with hidden car parking. In 1999.
- Garden Village, Austin, Texas. Beabsichtiges pedestrian village as a replacement for the site of the former Mueller airport.
- Center of DeLands ' Historic Garden District. Inserted rehabilitation of an existing neighborhood 2001-2007
- Kisima Kaya, Kenya. New planned city near Nairobi, Kenya., 2006.
- Tiger Bay Village, Florida. Planned virtually car-free pedestrian village as a solution to homelessness., 2007.
- Mackinac Island, Michigan. Although not designed primarily in the idea of New Pedestrianism, the island every year attracts 523 residents to hundreds of thousands of tourists. Since the end of the 19th century, no motorized vehicles are allowed on the island.