Newspaper

The word newspaper was originally the term for an arbitrary message; the meaning has changed, however, during the 18th century. Today, it refers to a published periodically printer certificate with current and universal content. This content consists of several self-contained texts, the newspaper articles mentioned and will be used when drafting their various journalistic style means.

As an Internet or online newspaper online publications are referred to newspaper also magazine character.

Definitions

Very general definition of a newspaper is a print by moderate side extent that publicly appear in short periodic time intervals, at least once a week. For the generic term paper it is irrelevant whether the reader has to pay for it or if he receives the product without charge. Therefore, the genus also includes free newspapers or newspaper distributed free ad papers. Four criteria should be given when one speaks of a newspaper: Topicality ( timely reporting ), periodicity (regular show), publicity ( publicly available to all readers ) and universality ( content diversity ).

The newspaper is different than the magazine, the topicality obligated press organ and is usually divided into several content categories such as politics, local, business, sports or feature pages that are created by independent departments. A department always works on a certain topic area, a specific column, for which it is responsible and independent of the other departments - in which case the limits are increasingly being leveled and task-specific expertise across in favor of the concept of an integrated editor ( newsdesk ). Often the individual subject areas are divided among the editors, depending on their skills and knowledge within a department.

The editorial is the journalistic department in a newspaper or magazine publisher. In one or for an editorial review editors, overallists, freelance journalists and volunteers, from case to case and external experts.

History

The history of the newspaper as a regularly published medium is closely intertwined with the early modern period. The first printed news sheet which deserves the name of a newspaper in the modern sense, was the relation. It was founded by Johann Carolus and appeared on the second or third week of September of 1605 once a week in Strasbourg in Alsace.

The first newspaper in the world came out in 1650 in Leipzig. The printer Timothy Ritzsch published in July 1650 for the first time the incoming newspapers. This appeared six days a week.

At its peak the newspaper in the first half of the 20th century. Currently ( October 2011) there are 390 newspapers in Germany ( 369 day and 21 weeklies) who are registered with the IVW.

Content

Newspapers consist of the so-called editorial section, which is answered by the editorial staff and the contents presented with journalistic style means and the display part. The individual segments of a ( large ) newspaper called books (Switzerland. frets ). They usually divide the ministries (see " sports section ", " business section ", etc.).

Ads are in their content responsibility of the person who "turns " the display, ie aufliefert and paid for their appearance in the advertising department. The Publisher may also reject ads, there is freedom of contract. If the display is printed, the publisher is responsible for the content of the display; Therefore, a previous examination is necessary. The advertising rates depend primarily on the support of the respective newspaper and the size of the corresponding indicator.

Use Research

There are various tools to explore reader behavior, satisfaction and desires. Classical feedback instruments are letters pages and readers phones. However, they are only used by some types of readers. Also, each paid circulation can be evaluated for user research. More extensive instruments are copy tests, for example, connected with survey or technical aids such as eye movement recording and ReaderScan.

The newspaper market in the world

According to the Federal Association of German Newspaper Publishers ( BDZV ) was the German daily newspaper market with a circulation of 21.67 million copies in the first quarter of 2005, the largest market in Western Europe. Thus, in this period were 27.376 million per publication day daily, weekly and Sunday newspapers sold; which are (65 percent) were driven Subscription around 18 million copies.

According to the study, World Press Trends 2007, the World Association of Newspapers ( WAN) using the global newspaper market (232 countries) 515 million people bought newspapers. In this case ( 88.9 million copies) was the Chinese newspaper market is the largest ( 98.7 million copies), followed by India, Japan ( 69.1 million copies), United States ( 52.3 million copies) and Germany ( 22.1 million copies). Compared to last year this is an increase of 2.3 percent in 2002 and to 9.48 %. In China, the increase to the previous year and 2002 2.22 % and 15.53 % was in India 12.93 % and 53.63 %, -0.83 % in Japan and -2, 42%, in the United States -1.9 % and -5.18 %, and in Germany -2.1% and -9.35 %. In addition, 40.7 million copies of free daily newspapers, with an increase of 55 % on the previous year and 241 % in 2002. More than half of them appear in Europe. The advertising revenues of newspapers generally rose by 3.77 % year on year and 15.77 % for 2002. According to Timothy Balding, CEO of WAN, the readership is growing both in print as well as in the online space, the range could different from the use distribution channels to increase and the industry would not be in a downturn.

The long-term study media use of ARD / ZDF revealed in the spring of 2005 that in the previous year at a total daily updated media of 600 minutes per day, the newspapers had fallen by 28 minutes versus the Internet (44 minutes) already significantly behind (2000: 30 to only 13 Internet minutes ). 2012, sets the trend at 23 minutes ( daily ) to 83 minutes (Internet) continues significantly. According to the BDZV the newspapers had at the time of the surveys continue to pose a clear lead credibility not only from Web publications. The credibility of the media categories was assessed after an investigation that is still of 2006 was generated as follows:

Daily newspapers: 41 percent
Public television: 31 percent
Of public radio: 11 percent
Private TV: 7 percent
Private radio: 2 percent
Internet on-line services: 1 percent

Newspaper closures and proposals, however,

To the so-called international newspaper closures in connection with the Internet and the Display crisis are from the USA following numbers before: from 2006 to 2008, sales of publishers declined by 23 percent and the number tenured journalists by 10 percent. For the first time researched the citizens more on the Internet.

It is discussed whether and if so how should be counteracted. A claim is a " newspaper revival law," according to the publishers, such as educational institutions are to be treated in the status of non-profit organizations. Furthermore discussed models, such as foundations, donor funding, a public-law status, the fee-funded journalism is to enable cooperative shares similar to the taz or an advanced culture flat rate.