Ngoen Yang

The Kingdom Ngoen Yang (previously Hiran, Thai: อาณาจักร หิรัญ เงิน ยาง, Chinese sources mention Ba Bai Xifu ) was between the 7th and the 13th century a dominion of the Tai Yuan in northern Thailand. Ngoen Yang took over from the former Kingdom Yonok.

The first capital of the new kingdom was Prueksa Vieng ( the old Hiran ) in today's Amphoe Mae Sai, later in Ngoen Yang (present-day Chiang Saen ) in the province of Chiang Rai. King Meng Rai was the last king of Ngoen Yang 1262 and formed the new kingdom of Lan Na with the new capital of Chiang Rai.

545 an earthquake destroyed the capital of Yonok, Nak Nakhon. The Tai then subjected to Vieng Prueksa ( "City of the Councils " ) and formed an elective monarchy. However, 638 forced King Kalavarnadit of Lavo citizens of Vieng Prueksa, Lavachakkraj as their king to accept. This seems a tribal leader from the neighborhood to have been, perhaps a member of the mountain people of the Lawa, who could win the favor of Lavos; at least he named Vieng Prueksa to in Hiran. The Lavachakkraj dynasty reigned about 700 years.

To 850 the ninth king of Hiran founded the city Ngoen Yang in Chiang Saen and there formed later the new capital. The territory stretched from Chiang Saen in the west in parts of northern Laos Luang Phrabang until after Thaeng ( near present-day Dien Bien Phu ) in Vietnam. The Kingdom of Chiang Hung ( Heokam ) of the Tai Lue brought Ngoen Yang in 1250 under his control until the Mongol invasion brought a new shift in power relations with himself and in 1287 led to a tripartite agreement between Meng Rai, Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai and Ngam Muang of Phayao.

People in Ngoen Yang were followers of Theravada Buddhism, which located in the southern Hariphunchai had its most important center. As Meng Rai the Great King of Ngoen Yang was crowned, he moved the capital to Chiang Rai. 1281 Meng Rai broke into Hariphunchai and took their center, today's Lamphun, a.

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