Night bus service
The operation of public transport is referred to in the night hours and in some cases until the early morning as night traffic, the operating times vary greatly. The use days of night traffic are mostly the weekend nights, rarely on all days of the week. Today's night transport networks of the German-speaking world (outside of Berlin and Hamburg) came on in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In many companies, not only the timing of the bus and rail is thinned out, but it results in completely from the daily operation deviating night line networks.
- 6.2.1 Canton of Bern
- 6.2.2 Lucerne
- 6.2.3 Canton of Zurich
- 6.2.4 Region Basel
- 6.2.5 Eastern
- 6.2.6 Principality of Liechtenstein
History
Continuous night traffic of trams and buses there were in larger cities (eg Berlin, Dresden, Hamburg) long before the introduction of tonight's transport networks. However, these were not perceived as special, but attributed to the regular operation to day and, indeed, night times. Only declining passenger numbers in the wake of the increasing individual traffic led her to initially offer made cuts in the off-peak hours (ie at night ) Night network to new developments. An increase in supply in small cities on the night took place with newly developed night star networks from the 1980s. The center of attention now, especially young people were ( students without a license ) to bring this safely to cultural events. In addition to night buses also known as disco buses were used.
In the 1920s, it was in large cities already special night traffics. Hamburg had 1928 - as trams still dominated and the bus and coach network was developing - already night bus routes. In the postwar years, however, a night tram network was built here, which contained, besides diameter lines to 1957 also a circle line ( Alsterring ) over St. Pauli. The night tram in 1970 by a night bus lines with the 600 number group, today supplemented by underground and S -Bahn and some even in the daytime bus services.
Line networks and clock
One night line replaced often several days lines. The network structure may be similar to that of daily traffic or designed completely different.
Widespread are star-shaped network structures. These start and end lines or radial diameter lines meet at a central point in the city center (railway station, central bus station ) and run from there in a fixed cycle. Furthermore, lines can be designed night as ring lines which are operated in one or both directions. Thus, a higher area coverage is achieved with a smaller vehicle use. On the other hand, in only one direction -operated ring lines in lengthy travel times to the city center is planned, since this is in contrast to radial or diameter lines does not reach directly. For Rendezvous systems, all lines run to meet at the same time. This made - also at simultaneous departure times - direct connections in all directions.
Night replace lines in their operation rest next to city buses and the subway, light rail or tram. The lines are then based on the speed track. Are mainly used night buses in some cities trams are integrated into the nighttime network. The weekend also underground trains and S-Bahn trains can also go.
The clock frequency, inter alia, depending on the size of the city, located in the German-speaking countries between 15 and 120 minutes. In medium-sized cities, the hour has prevailed. More rarely, there are also non- overclocked night traffics or operational reasons with rather poor noticeable clocks such as the 71 -minute intervals, the common rendezvous of the night lines at 1:11 clock, clock 2:22, 3:33 and 4:44 clock clock ( bpsw emanates. Leipzig).
In small towns or communities often assume individual bus lines (also regional buses ) late night journeys. This also other names, such as Discobus be used. In little-used lines run minibuses, buses or taxis call ( call taxis, night - AST).
In the traffic Communities Münster (VGM ) and Ruhr -Lippe ( VRL ) were taken from 1992 night bus lines to complement the RegioBus lines in operation. At present, combine lines 16 cities and towns, many of. Than shuttle to Münster and Osnabrück, but also between the regional centers in Münster and in the circles Soest and Unna and in the Sauerland Night buses in this region are supported by the Westphalian Provincial.
Some transport companies offer during off-peak time to get out outside stops or between stops on request because this service outside the inner cities is not a problem. See also: Trampbus
Operating times
Operation times vary greatly depending on the city size. To operate in Berlin from Monday to Sunday night all night and metro lines, at least in 30 -minute intervals from about midnight until 4:30 am clock (Sunday morning to 07:30 clock ). In Munich the night routes run hourly on weekdays, on weekends every 30 minutes. In other major cities, night lines run often on weekend nights and before public holidays every hour. On Sunday morning, partly the morning traffic is involved up at 8 clock.
Night lines in medium and small cities usually go only to 3 or 4 clock early and sometimes only in weekend nights. Sometimes trips in late operation before midnight are called night traffic or Spätverkehr 20-24 clock is counted Night network ( eg, Brandenburg ( Havel ) ).
Passenger information
The routes, route names and links to documents often differ significantly from the days of operation. Some days stops are not used by night traffic or are in a different place. Night stops should have a similar standard daily stops. Particularly important is adequate lighting, even to make them readily recognizable to the bus stop from a distance for the passengers.
Since most passengers seldom travel at night, the visibility of the night networks is relatively low. The offer may, however, apply not only to night owls and Disco visitors - a good passenger information system is therefore an absolute requirement. These include sufficient information figurehead also to the daily stops by night schedules and notes about the location of stops. If, however, there exists an excellent utilization can be achieved. A registration of the night lines in the electronic timetable information reaches at least the users of this system.
Night networks can be developed from the daily power out - then resemble the line names the day or they are so identical - or be constructed entirely different from it. An approximation of the structures at the day's operation is the best way to a good passenger information. A night bus as a substitute for a high-speed rail may well take over the high-speed rail designation and line color. Night buses take before the line number of times a "N". Surnames additives, for example, an "E " for Express can serve to a special qualification of the lines. In OWL, the labeling is used as "Express" for lines in suburban neighboring towns. The term overnight express with the abbreviation "NE" can also be used as a synonym for night bus.
An information system includes, inter alia, Line network plans, schedule cards, signs (pictograms ) to the stops, clear timetable posters, connection and tariff information.
Nightly rates
For night lines partially special tariff regulations apply. This ranges from the surcharge-free normal rate up to special overnight rates. Partly a reward scheme applies early for trips 0-5 clock.
Since just the night traffic is above average often used by regular customers with cards, the extra cost of night traffic can usually not be covered by the revenue from fares normal tariff. Therefore needed additional night surcharges or special overnight rates, possibly with reward schemes for passengers with season tickets. As an alternative to surcharges line sponsorship is practiced for example in Bonn night bus network.
See also: night shift, night shift
Night traffic in European cities
Germany
Berlin
On weekends, most U- and S- trains run around the clock, the subway is in the working day nights replaced by buses. This night buses carry the same numbers ( " N1 " to " N9" ) running on the same routes as far as possible the subway. Since these two night deals largely correspond to the days net, memorability and visibility of the night network is also passengers, who are rarely the road at night. Since end of May 2006 in Berlin go all Metrobus and metro tram lines around the clock.
The nightly Metro buses and trams, and the " underground night buses " run every 30 minutes ( in the city partially every 15 minutes), the subways on weekends every 15 minutes. In the S -Bahn, the clock will vary from 15 minutes to downtown and on the ring and up to 60 minutes in the state of Brandenburg. All other areas of the city are by ordinary night buses, the line guides are partly inspired by the day lines, also served in 30 -minute intervals ("N" and two-digit line number). At certain points linking the night lines waiting for each other in specific directions and allow short transfer times. The most important night in the center nodes are Zoo Station, Hackescher Markt and Hermann Square.
Hamburg
Since December 2004, two different systems that are offered depending on the weekday exist: In the nights on weekdays, there is a night bus network. It basically consists of ten radial lines from the inner city to the Hamburg state border, which have their meeting and usually also the starting point on the Town Hall Square. In addition, the radial routes are north of the Elbe connected just outside the city of a half- circle line. From individual radial lines branch at nodes in further outlying districts ( eg, Harburg) additional lines for local distribution. All night bus routes in a cycle of mostly 30, rare 60 minutes while the entire operating break the fast lanes of about 0:30 to 4 clock.
On the weekend since 2004 to ride the city of Hamburg on the other hand almost all underground and S -Bahn lines the whole night through in 20 -minute intervals. Also important bus lines of the daily deal will be offered with the usual route and numbering at 20- minute intervals, including large parts of the Metrobus network. At the Hamburg rapid transit - night network and parts of the surrounding area are connected to the Weekend: The U1 operates on behalf of the city of Norderstedt also every 20 minutes until the last stop Norderstedt Mitte and S3 hour until Pinneberg. Other cities and towns in the surrounding area can be achieved overnight buses, some of which connect the places every 40 minutes with a quick tram stop.
Nuremberg ( with Fürth and Erlangen )
In the days before public holidays and Friday and Saturday night runs in the conurbation area of Erlangen / Nürnberg -Fürth, the night bus network. The city buses, for which no additional charge is payable in the nighttime network, operates under the name "Night liner " and replace for the hours between 0.00 und 4.00 clock the U-, S-, tram and city bus network. The 26 "Night liner " lines that carry ( with gaps ) line numbers from N1 to N61, driving during the night hours over 500 stops in the city of Nuremberg, but also in Fürth, Erlangen, stone and other adjacent cities and municipalities of the metropolitan area (including Cadolzburg, running on an der Pegnitz, Schwabach ). The Nachbusse are harmonized with and depart from the main station every hour star-shaped in all directions.
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Canton of Bern
In Bern, as well as in the regions Biel, Solothurn and Interlaken drives the so-called Moon liner. In contrast to the regular bus routes the Moon liner lines are each connected to a preceding M denotes ( for example, M1 for the Moon Liner by Münchenbuchsee ). The lines follow at least partially the day lines, numbering, however, is entirely removed therefrom. Pick me for the whole night traffic of the Bern region is the station square Bern. The cost for a single trip are zone dependent and amounts to 5 to 25 francs.
Lucerne
In Lucerne, the Night Star continues with 14 lines. Here is an N before the number. There are two zones, a drive through a cost 7 Swiss francs, a drive through both 10 francs. Thus, the max is. Fare CHF 10. Only three lines run not from the Lucerne train station.
Canton of Zurich
In the canton of Zurich, there is a coherent network of night buses and night trains. The numbering ( prefixed with an N or in trains SN ) and the routing of the lines differs from the usual route from complete, however, only normal breakpoints are hit. Main transport hubs of the network are the Winterthur main station night and the stations Bellevue / Stadelhofen, the main station of Zurich Central and the Escher -Wyss square in the city of Zurich. There is a night surcharge of 5 francs, which must be paid in addition to the normal ticket price and either at the ticket machines, or can be purchased via mobile phone. The night network is 1-4 clock in the city of Zurich and 4:30 clock in the city of Winterthur (last departure to the main transport hub ). Within Zurich there is a half hour, the rest of the canton an hourly service.
Region Basel
In the agglomeration of Basel since 2008 exists the TNW night network, built by the cantons of Basel-Land and Basel-Stadt and extended by paying communities in the cantons of Solothurn and Aargau. This is also matched. During the night trains and trams are three times - in use, the rural bus routes only twice or once the go. The night shift premium cost for a zone 3 francs for two and more 5 francs, but was abolished in the 2011 timetable change.
Eastern Switzerland
In the cantons of St. Gallen, Thurgau, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Schaffhausen the night wind Verbund operates the nighttime network. The various transport companies provide a common surcharge and have your schedules coordinated. In addition, the timetables on the borders of Zurich's nightlife network are also adapted to this. As in other systems, a surcharge of 5 francs, in addition to a valid ticket raised. This can be purchased either at the ticket machine or by mobile phone. In the area of CRVO night network also CRVO - night wind combo supplement can be bought. On the night wind Night network companies Thurbo, Appenzell Railways, Südostbahn, Rhine Valley bus, regional bus, Schneider Busbetriebe, dr bus vu CHUR, SBB, Frauenfeld -Wil -Bahn, bus, WilMobil, St. Gallen and bus Sarganserland Werdenberg are involved.
Principality of Liechtenstein
Since December 2008 there is a Night traffic in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Four lines of the transport operation Liechtenstein snowmobiling in the nights on Saturday and Sunday once a night in the capital and in the surrounding villages as well as to Feldkirch and Buchs SG. It is a special overnight rate of 5 francs, discounts are not granted.
Austria (Vienna)
Nightline is a daily driven about 0:30 to 5:00 clock night transport network in Vienna.
In the night before Saturday, Sunday and public holidays run every five metro lines in the 15 -minute interval, 17 night bus of the Wiener Linien in 30 -minute intervals, 7 ASTAX lines ( call taxis ) as needed as well as some classes of, operated by the Vienna local railway, " casino bus " 360 to Baden bei Wien. In the remaining nights 19 night bus routes ( four of which the inner city circle ) in 30 -minute intervals, 9 ASTAX - lines and the line 360 to Baden go. There are no separate night rate, almost all tickets are valid at no extra charge on all night lines (including ASTAX ).
Other
London
In London Underground ( subway) has at night both on weekdays and on weekends a pause in operation. But London has a dense network of night buses. 46 bus lines around the clock. Furthermore, night buses, which are recognizable by the prefix " N". Even on weekdays, some lines at 15- minute intervals are operated at night. Many streets in the inner region are served by several bus lines. Important nodes are Trafalgar Square, Oxford Circus, Victoria, Aldwych, Tottenham Court Road and Camden Town. At the Trafalgar Square end, for example, 16 lines, 20 lines further lead over there.
Paris
Despite the rain Parisian night life and also around midnight still tight -powered and well-stocked metro trains, this place also on weekend nights a pause of about 1:00 bis 5:30 clock. Until the autumn of 2005 there was the star-shaped vehicles approaching on Chatelet Noctambus who operated the urban area of Paris in the pause of operation metro.
Since then, the institution designated as Noctilien night bus also serves the suburbs of Paris. Most lines are operated by the RATP, those with three-digit line number are operated by the SNCF with specially acquired buses. With the Noctilien the offer in the Paris urban area is significantly larger, since in addition to Chatelet more nodes have been established. The external nodes Gare Saint- Lazare, Gare de l' Est, Gare de Lyon and Gare Montparnasse are connected by a ring operated in dense clock line in both directions. The network thus appears as a spoked wheel. The commuter lines that run most hours are linked in large part to the outer node with the diameter lines. In the urban area there at all distances, a half hour, the part to a 15 on weekend nights - is compressed or even 10 -minute intervals.
Netherlands ( Randstad )
In the Randstad conurbation in the Netherlands there is a special feature of the " Nazi Nachtnet " a night - regional railway line. Since 1986, the regional trains run during nightly shut-down of the Nazi movement of people in the hour between Rotterdam and Utrecht. The most important breakpoint next to Amsterdam Centraal is Schiphol ( Amsterdam Airport). The following route is operated: Rotterdam Centraal - Delft - The Hague Centraal - Leiden Centraal - Schiphol - Amsterdam Centraal - Utrecht Centraal. The network was expanded in 2007 /08: On the weekend hourly trains to the south of the country and also direct trains Rotterdam Centraal - Gouda - Utrecht Centraal.