Nikolay Karamzin
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (Russian Николай Михайлович Карамзин, scientific transliteration Nikolai Karamzin Michajlovič, .. * 1 Dezemberjul / December 12 1766greg in the village in the province of Simbirsk Mikhailovka (Russia ); † 22 Maijul / June 3 1826greg in Santa.. Petersburg) was a Russian writer and historian. Karamzin marked in Russian literature the transition from classicism to sentimentalism. Late 18th and early 19th century was no other writer in Russia such a success with the public and so many imitators recorded as Karamzin.
Life
On December 12, 1766 Karamzin was born the son of a landowner near Simbirsk ( Ulyanovsk ). He received his first lessons by a private tutor.
1780-83 he studied at the Moscow boarding school of Professor damage modern languages and literatures. The first work was published in 1783 his translation of Karamzin's an idyll of Salomon Gessner ( 1730-1788 ) in print: The wooden leg.
After a brief interlude in the Petersburg Guard Regiment and the return to Simbirsk Karamzin moved over to Moscow, where he 1784-89 the circle around the great enlightener, publisher and writer Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov joined. In the magazine founded by Novikov, he published translations, minor poems and stories.
1789-90 Karamzin traveled through Europe: Memel, Tilsit, Königsberg ( encounter with Immanuel Kant), Berlin (ten days), Dresden, Leipzig, Weimar ( encounter with Wieland, but not with Goethe ). After a stay of several months in Switzerland, he came to Paris in March 1790, where he remained for four months. The journey home took him from London, where he stayed from July to September 1790, they sailed to Kronstadt back.
1791-92 was Karamzin out the literary magazine Moskovskii zhurnal and there published the incurred on the trip to Europe letters and diary notes before they came out in a six-volume book version as Letters of a Russian Traveler 1797-1801. The travelogue had such great success that already the second edition was published in 1801-1803. In the Moscow Journal published Karamzin also his most famous tales as The sentimentalistischen poor Lisa and Frol Silin. The journal was discontinued after Karamzin had occurred in his poem To the mercy for the pardon Novikov, who had been imprisoned without trial.
1793-1801 he published a number of literary anthologies own and others' works: Aglaia, My Bagatelles, The Äoniden, a pantheon of Russian authors, and a pantheon of foreign literature.
Karamzin 1802-1803 led the editors of Vestnik Jewropy ( Messenger of Europe ), which was the first pattern for the thick Russian literary journals. In Vestnik Jewropy Karamzin published his best-known historical narrative Marfa, the governor.
When Alexander I. in 1803 appointed him Reichshistoriographen, finished Karamzin 's literary activity and devoted himself entirely to scientific research into the history of Russia. In 1818 he published the first eight volumes of his History of the Russian state, which he led with the unfinished twelfth band to the Time of Troubles ( 1605-1613 ). The work was due to its rich source material and its brilliant style an extraordinary success.
After Karamzin had survived pneumonia, he was too weak to take a planned vacation trip to southern France and Italy. He died on June 3, 1826 in Saint Petersburg.
Effect
Karamzin is for the Russian culture in three significant ways: as the founder of sentimentalism - he overcame the abstract pathos of classicism and put human emotions at the center of his work - as a historian and as a language reformer. He made new Russian words by French and sometimes German model who became commonplace immediately. Examples are the Russian words for knowledge, development, industry, or touching. The Russian sentence structure he simplified the French model.
With the so-called Novij slog ( New style ) he set the first important building block for the creation of a new language of prose, which was later brought to completion by Pushkin
Works
- Yevgeny and Juliet ( Евгений и Юлия ), 1789
- Letters of a Russian Traveler ( Письма русского путешественника ), 1791/92
- Frol Silin ( Фрол Силин ), 1791
- The poor Lisa ( Бедная Лиза ), 1792
- Liodor ( Лиодор ), unfinished story 1792
- Natalya, the Boyar ( Наталья, боярская дочь ), 1792
- The island of Bornholm ( Остров Борнгольм ), 1793
- Julia ( Юлия ), 1794
- Sierra Morena ( Сиерра - Морена ), 1794
- The Sentimental and the cool (two characters ) ( Чувствительный и холодный ( Два характера ) ), 1801
- A knight of our time ( Рыцарь нашего времени ), unfinished novel in 1802 /03
- Marfa, the governor or the subjugation of Novgorod ( Марфа Посадница, или Покорение Новагорода ), 1803
- History of the Russian state ( История государства Российского ), 1818
Poems, among others:
- At the mercy of ( К Милости ), 1792
- The poetry ( Поэзия ), 1792
- Melancholy ( Меланхолия ), 1802
- Poor Lisa, Reclam, Ditzingen ( January 1982)
- Letters from a Russian traveling, Winkler, Mchn. ( December 1984)
- Letters from a Russian traveling, Reclam, Ditzingen ( April 1998)