Noah

Noah or (usually) Noah (also Noé and Noe; Hebrew נֹחַ Noaḥ, נוֹחַ Noah "rest", Arabic نوح Nuh Nuh DMG ) was according to the book of Genesis of the Bible, the tenth forefather according to Adam. Because of his faithfulness, he was chosen by God, with his family to survive by building the ark, the deluge.

On Noah's three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth went to 10.1 to 32 gene EU, the splitting of humanity into the three then known nations back.

In the genealogy of the Bible, Noah is also the tenth ancestor of Abraham, which means its traditional position in the early 3rd millennium BC.

Ziusudra in Sumer

In Atrahasis Epic of Sumer in the Fertile Crescent ( Mesopotamia ), which around 2000 BC was written, apply Ziusudras ( later God called Uta- napišti ) acts as heroic deeds. These were admitted in the later Epic of Gilgamesh in the Assyrian empire. Later written and today still existing Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) also took this epic, which as the tsunami / flood is now known to us the days of Noah.

Noah in the first book of Moses (Genesis)

According to the book of Genesis Noah was the son of Lamech (Gen. 5.28 EU). His name could be derived from the Hebrew word for peace / rest. At the age of 500 years, he fathered his three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. About their exact year of birth is given no information (Gen 5.32 EU). With Ham as the Last (Gen 9,24 EU) corresponds to the usual list of importance for what follows.

Overall, his age is given as 950 years (Gen 9.29 EU). With Noah, the era of the first patriarch whose life with the exception of Enoch was well over 700 years ends. In the following generations, the age decreased significantly (see Biblical age).

The Flood

According to the Biblical story of God YHWH will wipe out mankind because of its sinfulness, but Noah and his family moved to pity for his piety. In Noah's Ark Noah was able to escape, his wife, his sons and their wives as well as many animals from destruction by the flood, thus ensuring the survival of the people and animals on Earth. After the flood YHWH over responsibility over the earth to man. YHWH makes a covenant with Noah, promises, there will never be a flood again, and sets the rainbow as a sign of this in the clouds (Gen 9.8 to 17 EU).

Similar mythological flood stories have been handed down from many cultures. A particularly close relationship can be with the much older Sumerian- Babylonian Atrahasis Epic ( about 1800 BC ) (about 1400 BC ) and recognize its Flood hero Ziusudra as well as with the Greek Deucalion epic.

On Noah's three sons then known to the Hebrews peoples in the so-called Table of Nations of Genesis is returned ( 10.1-32 gene EU; 1 Chr 1.5 to 23 EU): On the Semites Shem, Ham on the Hamites ( black Africans ) and Japheth the Jafetiten. Noah is the biblical narrative by a man of the soil, and the first-mentioned vineyard planter (Gen 9.20 EU). The first-mentioned soil - arranger was according to the Bible (Gen 4.2 ELB ) however Cain.

The curse of Ham by Noah

The dormant by high alcohol consumption Noah sees his son Ham stripped lying in his tent. After he told it his brethren, Noah cursed Ham. At the same time Shem and his brother Japheth are distinguished by a special blessing of his father, as they had covered him. Noah cursed Ham's son Canaan and his descendants and to the servants of his brothers to be ( The curse on Ham). (Gen 9.21 to 27 EU) This later became the enslavement of black peoples biblically justified by Christians and Jews for the first time considered by the extermination of the Canaanites as God's will.

The background of the curse is controversial. Most classic translations of the Bible into modern languages ​​suggest that Ham saw his drunken father Noah accidentally naked and was cursed for it; this reading also finds a place in Christian art. In this case, however, the penalty would be excessive and incomprehensible. Most of today's researchers translate the original Hebrew passage very differently and expect not " seen naked " about just that Ham his unconscious father, but rather have slept with him (see also the German phrase " he knew his wife "). Then Ham told his two brothers of his act. This reading was already widespread in the ancient world; as is discussed in the Hebrew Talmud, whether Ham Noah only raped or even (!) have castrated.

Noah in the Talmud: Noahide Commandments

The Talmud derives from the biblical Noah narrative from the Noahide covenant, and seven Noahide commandments related. These are, according to Jewish understanding bequeathed all people and therefore invested in the great religions often.

A non-Jew who adheres to the Noahide commandments, may obtain as a Jew according to Jewish understanding proportion of the world to come. For this reason, from the Jewish perspective, no need for mission, other religions deserve respect, as long as they reversed the eighth and the Jewish identity.

Conversion willing even specifically pointed out that they may be made before God by the observance of the Noahide commandments few, while they have to meet as Jews all Judaism passed commandments.

Noah in the New Testament

According to Luke 17:26-27 Jesus EU has compared the days of the Son of Man with the days before the Flood. In Hebrews 11.7 EU is said that Noah had built the ark by faith and in this way his household had been able to save. 1 Peter 3.20 EU compares the rescue of Noah through the water at baptism. In 2 Peter 2.5 EU Noah is called a " preacher of righteousness ".

Accordingly likely Jesus and the writers of the New Testament Noah and the Flood have understood as reality.

Noah in the Apocrypha

Also be found in the Apocrypha traces of Noah. In the Book of Jubilees ( Little Genesis) is the biblical story retold much more detailed and extended ( Jub 5.1 to 10.17, see also: The Apocalypse of Adam ' 69.2-71.5 ). The Ark landed on the top of Lubar, one of the mountains of Ararat ( Jub 5:28). After the Pseudo- Titus - letter, the sons of Noah after the flood were looking for places to build cities and named it after their wives. The names of the cities are Neelatamauk ( Ham), Adataneses ( Japheth ), Sedeketelebab ( Sem ) ( Jub 7.14 to 16 ). Later, Noah is giving away the earth to his sons. The center of the earth gets Shem, the south goes to Ham, Japheth receives the north ( Jub 8.10 to 30, ApokAd 72.15 ). In the Apocalypse of Paul, Paul encountered in a vision to Noah. He tells him that he had built on the Ark 100 years without wash and change clothes ( ApkPaul 50). According to the Apocryphon of John did not survive Noah and his descendants in an ark, but in a cloud of light (AJ 28.30-29.10 ).

The name of the wife of the Flood hero Noah is mentioned in the Bible itself nowhere. In the 14th chapter of the apocryphal text " The Treasure Trove " her name is called, however: There she is, Haikal and is the daughter of NAMOS and granddaughter of Enoch, which is named as brother of Metusala. As in the book of Genesis are the children of Haikal and Noah, Shem, Cham ( Ham) and Japhet. Noah married Haikal therefore at the behest of God, when he was five hundred years old already, being like him, the deluge was also announced.

Noah in the Quran

In the Koran, Noah is also mentioned in several places. Thus, Surat 11.25-48 contains a version of the Flood story. As in the biblical story of Noah here loads his boat with a pair of every species of animal, with his family and with the few people who are otherwise believers (Sura 11:40 ). A special element of the Qur'anic narrative Noah is the unbelieving son of Noah who does not ride in his ship, but wants to go on a mountain, but there is drowning in the flood (Surah 11:42-43 ). As Noah calls upon God for his son, and shall be informed of this that his son does not belong to his family, and asked not to engage in or unjustly for him (Sura 11:45-46 ) because of him already the utterance ( predestination ) is present (Sura 11:40 ). An exact parallel to the Qur'anic narrative report is not to be found in the Christian and Jewish tradition.

Other passages of the Koran on the subject are from 7.59 to 64 Sura, Sura 10.71 to 73, sura 26.105-122. In addition, the seventy-first Sura after Noah ( Nuh / نوح / NUH ) is named. In this surah the pleas and threats of God sent Noah are described that should move people to repentance. In verse 23, several are called gods. " And they say ( to each other), 'Let not your gods down. And neither forsake Wadd, Suwa ' still Yaguth and Ya'uq and Nasr. ' "When will not listen to Noah, he suggests God going to let any of the infidels on earth (Surah 71.26 ).

According to Islamic tradition, Noah 's Ark landed on Mount Ararat not, but at the al - Dschudi, which is equated with the Mount Cudi Dagi in Turkey. From there he set out and founded the town of Sirnak, whose name derives from very -i Nuh - is derived - Noah city. Noah said to have been buried in Cizre ( Southeastern Anatolia ), where his grave is revered as Türbe.

Anniversaries

  • Islam: Ashura (10th of Muharram)
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