Normans

The word Norman referred Romanized Scandinavians, which spread from the 9th century from the Normandie.

Etymology

Romanized Normans

Rollo and his successors built in Normandy on a modern feudal state. Rollo merged the Nordic allegiance right with the Frankish feudal law. He introduced a new form of vassalage, which was called ligisch and the vassals admitted largest freedoms allowed him even alliances with neighbors, without affecting the fealty.

In the southern Italian regions they ruled for about 1030. Individual Norman Group expanded with the beginning of the 11th century, their forays into the Mediterranean area and sat down in the area around Naples, in Aversa and Capua fixed. Finally, they gained in almost all of Southern Italy and Sicily to the sovereignty, they conquered by the Saracens.

In 1066, the Norman Duke William conquered England after the Battle of Hastings.

Edgar Aetheling, one of the competitors of William to the English throne, finally fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III. married Margaret, sister of Edgar, and thus stood in opposition to Wilhelm, who had asked the southern borders of Scotland in question. In 1072 William invaded Scotland and rode to Abernethy, where he met with his fleet. Malcolm submitted to William and worshiped him, he gave him his son Duncan as a hostage. Since then, there have always been controversy over whether the Scottish crown to the King of England owe obedience.

Normans came to Scotland, built castles and established noble families questioned the future kings such as Robert I.. They set up some Scottish clans. Alexander I, the elder brother of King David I married Sybilla of Normandy. David I. Norman culture presented before the Scots and spent time at the court of King Henry I., the Edith of Scotland, the sister of David married themselves. To take away the kingdom from his half- brother Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair, David had to reward with lands many people. The procedure was continued under the successors of David, most under William I. Dating by the Normans feudal system was set up in varying degrees in many parts of Scotland. Scottish families like the Bruce Ramsay, Fraser, Ogilvie, Montgomery, Sinclair, Pollock, Douglas and Gordon, also the later Stuart house are all attributed to Norman roots.

Culture

In the 11th century Normandy was the site of many important developments in the history of classical music. Abbey Fécamp Abbey and Saint- Évroult were centers of music production and music education. At Fécamp, under Italian abbots William of Dijon and John of Ravenna, the system of notation was developed and taught by letters. Today it is in English and German speaking countries are still the most common form of the pitch presentation. Also in Fécamp was the staff - what the neumes were oriented - first developed and taught in the 11th century. Under the German abbot Isembard La Trinité -du -Mont became a center of musical composition.

In Saint- Évroult the tradition of singing developed, and the choir of the abbey became famous in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Mesnil Grant several abbots of Saint- Évroult fled to southern Italy. There they were supported by Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery at Saint Eufemia. There they continued the tradition of singing.