Northernmost settlements
When considering the northernmost village of the earth must be differentiated with respect to the order or the population of the place.
The northernmost places
Permanent settlement
Currently, the status has northernmost major settlement Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen (78 ° 13 ' N, 15 ° 38' O78.216715.6334 ) with 1900 inhabitants (founded in 1906). Ny -Ålesund, also on Spitsbergen, situated at 78 ° 55 'N, 11 ° 57' O78.921711.942 further north, but has only 30 permanent residents ( in the summer about 120 ).
Stations
The world's northernmost point is the Russian Barneo station on the Arctic ice pack, only about 100 km from the North Pole. The coordinates are for the ice drift unstable ( in April 2007, 89 ° 32 ' N, 30 ° 27' W89.525 - 30.45 ). The world's most northerly station on the mainland is Alert in Canada, to 82 ° 28 ' N, 62 ° 30' W82.4666 - 62.4997, with 75 inhabitants ( 2001). The polar night lasts about four and a half months on this width, from 13 October to 1 March. Even further north than the Ny-Ålesund Station Nord is located in the northeast of Greenland, at 81 ° 43 ' N, 17 ° 48' W81.7169 - 17.8056. These military and weather station is already busy in winter with only about 5 people in the summer about 20 scientists can be added.
Natural settlements
The Inuit settlement Siorapaluk in North Greenland ( 77 ° 47 ' N, 70 ° 46' W77.7838 - 70.7672 ) with 87 inhabitants (2005 ) claims for itself to be the northernmost natural settlement in the world, so a settlement, which has arisen unplanned and was not created as military or scientific purposes. Siorapaluk is located about 50 kilometers northwest of Qaanaaq ( Thule), the polar night lasts from October 28 to February 13.
Until some years ago the village of Etah westgrönländische (78 ° 19 ' N, 72 ° 38' W78.3167 - 72.6333 ) was considered the northernmost natural settlement in the world, it is also a little further north than Longyearbyen, Ny -Alesund but further south than. Etah was around 1900 starting point for many North Pole expeditions, but was abandoned in 1953 and is now used only in the summer as a base for hunting. The polar night lasts 26 October to 15 February. However, today also abandoned Inuit settlement was Annoatok (78 ° 20 ' N, 72 ° 18' W78.33 - 72.3 ) is still about 24 miles to the north of Etah. With the discovery of well-preserved ruins of houses in winter Qaqaitsut at Paris Fjord in northeastern Inglefield Land in the 1980s was able to prove that this place was once inhabited all year round. Qaqaitsut so was by today's state of research, the northernmost permanent settlement in the natural world. The timing of the task of this settlement is unknown.
An accomplished by the Inuit from Qaanaaq in the summer place that was once probably permanently settled, is Nunatami ( Nunatame ) in Northwest Greenland north to exactly 80 ° latitude.
During a climatic optimum in the 1st millennium BC, there were also on the northern coast of Greenland north of 82 degrees latitude permanent settlements known as the Independence II culture. The remains of more than 400 settlements and other sites are now detected, C14 - datings evidence of a settlement of about 800 to 400 BC The remarkable thing is that there almost five month long polar night. The original names of these places are not known, the present name such as Qissivik in Pearyland have been re- shaped in the course of exploration of these settlements.
Town, city, metropolis and capital
The northernmost capital has Iceland Reykjavík with 64 ° 9 ' N, 21 ° 56' W64.15 - 21.933333333333.
Clearly Norilsk in Siberia at 69 ° 20 ' N, 88 ° 13' O69.333388.2167 with 209 306 inhabitants ( as of 2007) the northernmost major city in the world, while St Petersburg on 59 ° 56 'N, 30 ° 20' O59.933330.3333 the northernmost metropolis in the world. The northernmost city with more than 50,000 inhabitants, Tromsø at 69 ° 40 ' N, 18 ° 57' O69.661318.9503. Dikson (73 ° 30 'N, 80 ° 31' O73.507380.5237 ) was in the Soviet era, with about 10,000 inhabitants and is the northernmost city, is today but only about 632 (as of 2009).
Since 1998, the northerly Honningsvåg has in Norway ( 3,500 inhabitants, 70 ° 59 'N, 25 ° 59' O70.97625.9831 ) city status, previously was also Hammerfest in Norway with 10,000 (2012 ) inhabitants to 70 ° 40 'N, 23 ° 41 ' O70.663323.6778 as northernmost city in Europe.
The settlements Chatanga (Russia, 3,450 inhabitants, 71 ° 59 'N, 102 ° 28' O71.979714397222102.47282436278 ) and Barrow ( USA, 4218 inhabitants, 71 ° 18 ' N, 156 ° 46' W71.298 - 156.7608 ) are further in the north.