Nowa Sól
Nowa Sól [ nɔva sul ] ( German Neusalz an der Oder ) is a town in western Poland in the Lubusz Voivodeship on the left bank of the Oder. It is the capital of the powiat Nowosolski.
History
The first settlement on the territory of today's Nowa Sól was in the 14th century under Czech rule. In 1563 he painted at the old or the new Kammergut to Saltze with a significant Siedewerk. This Emperor Ferdinand wanted the supply of Silesia with sea salt from La Rochelle and Spain, which was transported via Hamburg and Stettin on the Oder to the end of navigability, and ensure curb the import of salt from Poland so.
1573 a new Siedewerk in the village Modritz ( Modrzyca ) was built after the Odra flood. The associated Salzamtmann house stood on the site of the present City Hall. Around 1585 the first time was mentioned in documents of the place as Neusalzburg and later as Neusalz. To facilitate trade, in 1592, a port on the Oder was built. The advent of Dutch and English competition in the Baltic trade led since the late 16th century to difficulties in the supply of crude salt. An Evangelical Church was built in 1597. The salt production became unprofitable. In addition to the salt duties of the Electorate of Brandenburg, it was especially the Thirty Years War, which was prostrate go the factory. Later the Siedewerk recovered somewhat, but could no longer against the saline salts from Brandenburg and Poland claim. In 1710, the Swedes sections the sea salt import on Stettin, was the permanent cessation of salt production. 1713 was the conversion of the former Siedewerks to Faktorei for salt from the hall and near Magdeburg.
1662 a post office was built. On October 8, 1743 Frederick the Great Neusalz granted city rights and can create a plan for further development of the town. This led to a revival of the village and settlement of inter alia Settlers from Moravia. 1743 lived 800 people in Neusalz. The Moravian Church received on May 13, 1743 permission to establish a colony southeast of the city. Under Ernst Julius von Seydlitz a community center with numerous commercial enterprises emerged. On September 24, 1759 fell after the Battle of Kunersdorf the Russians in a Neusalz, looted and destroyed parts of the city. The Moravian settlement burned down completely. 1765 was the first manufactory for linen production in Neusalz. Also, the loading of the Moravian Church was reopened from him was later the freight forwarding, trading and banking house Otto Meyer. 1816 originated from the weaving of the Brethren, the company Gebrüder Gruschwitz textile works, the largest plant in the city. The first ironworks of the stock association Eísenhütte Neusalz was completed in 1827. 1853 nor was added at the Paulinenhütte. In the vicinity of the city between the river Black and Ochel outsourced enough bog iron ore. In particular, the production of enamelware became the focus of the huts and foundries. This resulted in major exporting companies which also achieved by setting all the blast furnaces 1877-1880 still further growth.
The Oderhafen expanded in 1831. The Borstenzurichterei as supply craft for the production of brushes and brush in 1850 a resident. 1870 a wooden bridge was built on the site of the Oder ferry, which helped the city to a better connection to Poznan. In their place, 1932 was a reinforced concrete bridge. Neusalz as the northernmost emporium Silesia lost during construction of the Mark- Lower Silesian railway from Berlin to Wroclaw from 1846 much of its importance as the railway spacious drove past Neusalz. It was not until 1871, the city was connected to the railway network and received a connection with Szczecin and Berlin. 1892 took over the Otto Meyer - bank the glue factory and developed it into a major operation. 1897 Oderhafen was enlarged again later created a system of dams on the Oder, to avoid serious flood damage as the 1592, 1736, 1854 and 1903 in the future.
16,500 inhabitants counted the town in the district town Frey 1930. During the Second World War, a labor camp for Jews and later a branch of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp was set up. On 14 February 1945, the Red Army reached the place before German troops had blown up the bridge or on 9 February. The town sprang up in the fighting major damage. Shortly after the war began the expulsion of the Germans from the place and the location of Poland.
Nowa Sól was developed into a major industrial center in Poland since 1950 and took over instead of Kożuchów the function of the administrative center of the region.
Community
For the rural community of Nowa Sól ( gmina wiejska ) who belongs to the city of Nowa Sól even belong the localities ( German name until 1945) with mayor's office ( sołectwo ):
- Buczków ( Buchenwald)
- Chełmek
- Ciepielów ( Tschöplau, 1936-1945 Waldruh )
- Dabrowno ( Eichau )
- Jeziorna ( Kattersee )
- Jodłów
- Kiełcz ( Költsch )
- Lelechów ( Louisendorf )
- Lipiny (Lips)
- Lubieszów ( Liebsen )
- Lubiecin ( Liebenzig )
- Nowe Żabno ( New Chow, 1936-1945 Slept )
- Przyborów ( Tschiefer, 1936-1945 toll bridges )
- Rudno ( Rudy )
- Stara Wies ( Borgdorf )
- Stary Staw ( Teichhof )
- Wrociszów ( Heinzendorf )
Furthermore, there are the following places without mayor's office:
- Drogoniów
- Józefów
- Odra
- Okopiec
- Porębów
- Radosławice
- Stawy
Attractions
- The Town Hall from the 16th century
- The monument to King Frederick the Great in the 19th century
- St. Michael's Church from the 16th century
- The salt deposit from the 17th and 18th centuries
- The parish church from the 19th century by Stiller
- The chapel of the Protestant community in the 19th century
- St. Barbara's Church, built in 1900
- The drawbridge on the canal harbor of the Oder
Twin Cities
- Achim ( Germany )
- Fresagrandinaria (Italy )
- Nailsworth ( Germany )
- Saint -Michel- sur -Orge (France)
- Senftenberg ( Germany )
- Veszprém (Hungary )
- Žamberk (Czech Republic)
Personalities
- Carl Bernhard Garve (1763-1841), Protestant theologian and hymn writer. He worked 21 years in Neusalz.
- Johann David Gruschwitz, (1776-1848), founder of the Gruschwitz textile Werke AG
- Otto Jaekel (1863-1929), German geologist and paleontologist
- Robert Kuhnert (1863-1947), German agronomist
- Alfred Saalwächter (1883-1945), German Admiral
- Eberhard Günter Schulz (1929-2010), German philosopher, president of the East German Cultural Council
- Christian Thiel (* 1937), German philosopher and philosopher of science
- Seweryn Krajewski ( born 1947 ), Polish pop musician and composer
- Grzegorz Cybulski (* 1951), Athletics, Olympionik
- Józef Młynarczyk ( b. 1953 ), football goalkeeper
- Waldemar Zboralski ( born 1960 ), LGBT activists