Nuphar lutea
Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)
The yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea, Syn: Nuphar luteum ), also Yellow Teichmummel, Mummel, Teichmummel or pond Kandel called, where it is sometimes lightheartedly with Nuphar luteum, is a plant of the family Nymphaeaceae ( Nymphaeaceae ). Like all waterlilies it is protected in Germany. The scientific name Nuphar was already used by Dioscorides and probably goes back to the Egyptian "nu - far".
Occurrence
The Yellow pond lily is found from the eastern U.S. through the Caribbean Islands, in large parts of Eurasia to North Africa. The plants thrive in standing to gently flowing waters.
As a garden plant, the Yellow Teichmummel similar requirements as the white water lily. However, it can thrive unlike them in the shade.
Description
Nuphar lutea is a perennial herbaceous plant. This water plant produces rhizomes as outlasting which have a diameter of 3-8 cm. In shallow water the leaves protrude above the water level, in deeper ponds they float to the surface. The leaves are long petiolate ( about 50 cm). Wide-meshed air spaces in the leaf tissue to ensure that air can be passed through air ducts in the petiole to the rhizome. The leaf blade is not circular, but kidney - to heart-shaped; about 15 to 30 cm long and 10 to 22 cm wide. If the plant does not have enough space and is obscured by other plants, it drives great round, slightly wavy at the edge, the rhubarb -like leaves underwater. Once the "congestion" is eliminated, driving them from their normal leaves begin to unfurl under water and then push on the water surface.
The flowers stand in strong, about 50 cm long, smooth stalks just above the water surface beyond. The rich yellow, hermaphroditic, flowers radial symmetry achieve diameter of 4 to 12 cm, resemble the shape and color of large, spherical marigolds. A flower has five yellow sepals, petals up to 25, eleven to 22 yellow scars rays and many yellow stamens. In the morning, the flower opens and closes again in the early afternoon. The flowering period is between July and September.
The fruit has a diameter of about 2.5 cm. The olive-green, egg-shaped, smooth seeds are about 5 mm in size.
Ecology
The Yellow pond lily is a perennial aquatic plant with floating leaves and salatblättrigen underwater leaves. Vegetative reproduction occurs by branched rhizomes or torn. She comes up to 6 m water depth before and then. Often in a submerged, flood form without floating leaves As typical water plant yellow pond lily has a special ventilation tissue or aerenchyma. This is about the spaces between the cells, the so-called intercellular spaces creates a direct connection between the stomata on the one hand and the root tip on the other. That such a path of air exists, the first time the Frenchman has recognized Dutrochet (1776-1847) in the study of this kind. He has incidentally also noted first that the water transport occurs in woody plants alone in the outer cell layers of the wood body.
The flowers are strongly scented " nectar leading disk flowers " and are usually above the water surface. Pollinators are beetles and hoverflies.
The many free follicles are surrounded by fleshy axis tissue, resulting in an aggregate fruit is produced which decomposes at maturity by replacing the surrounding tissue axis in crescent-shaped, vielsamige individual fruits. The seeds are buoyant due to air containing mucus; they are light and cold to germinate.
Toxicity
The whole plant is poisonous; but especially the rhizome.
Active ingredients: According to older data Nupharin and 0.4% β - Nupharidin, main alkaloid Desoxynupharidin.
Poisoning: Nupharin has in animal experiments an atropine - and papaverinähnlichen, antispasmodic and hypotensive effects, Desoxynupharidin other hand, looks tonic and leads to increased blood pressure.
Pictures
Details of the flower
Habitat
Illustration of Clusius, Rariorum plantarum (1601 )
Illustration
Swell
- Description in the Flora of China. (English )