Ocarina

The ocarina ( from Italian ocarina, literally meaning " little goose " ), instrumentenkundlich vessel flute, also ball Flute, is a small one-piece instrument with a round shape, which according to the type of tone flutes without trained beak or the flutes with existing nuclear fission, ie the beak flutes, is allocated. Ocarinas made ​​of fired and glazed clay, air dry clay, porcelain, wood or a gourd. However, other materials may be used for special requirements, such as plastic (cheap and robust than sound, so often used by children ) or metal ( sturdy ).

• 3.1 Movies
• 3.2 series
• 3.3 Music
• 3.4 Games

Design

The name comes from the Emilia -Romagna and means " little goose ." The developed there and played in the alpine folk music of clay ocarinas are played with both hands and, depending on model four to twelve holes, ( the double-and triple - system, however, significantly more). There are various forms generated approximately pear-shaped, cushion- shaped, and beet -shaped. Also in various forms of animal, such as turtles, can be obtained Ocarinas. The Inca Ocarina has four holes on the front, two on the back (for the thumb).

African vessel flutes are made from a small calabash, or stone shell of another fruit. The Anblaskante is located at the upper opening at the narrow end of the calabash. On either side opposite an opening for the index finger of the left and right hand is attached to each. Vessel flutes are known among other things, in Mozambique, at the Venda in South Africa and Uganda. In Uganda, they are called kigwari, ebundi and kigwara. The wooden epudi (Pl. mapudi ) the Bassonge in Congo is used by hunters as a signaling instrument.

Experts believe ocarinas are over 12,000 years old, they were represented in many ancient cultures and were also played by the Maya, Inca and Aztec. There they usually had the form of birds or other animals, while Xun said vessel flutes in the old Imperial China were more ovoid.

Earthen Ocarinas

History

Middle of the 19th century, developed the Italian Giuseppe Donati Tonbrenner from Budrio the currently prevailing beet shape with a range of one and a half octaves, the 10 -hole ocarina. He built his instruments in several sizes, from small to large basso Soprano Karina Karina. The first public appearance of a Okarinaquintetts found in 1863 in Budrio instead.

On the basis of Donati's 10-hole ocarina Takashi Aketagawa developed in 1928 the first 12-hole ocarina, an internationally very common design.

Around 1965 the instrument maker Joseph Plaschke from South Tyrol improved with the help of folk musicians Franz Kofler the Ocarina, which has since been used in the German and Austrian folk music (see second picture). Kurt Posch from Braz in Vorarlberg, the instrument developed from 1990 on.

There are now dozens of world ocarina maker, which improve the ocarina and on. For example, began " Hind " thus, wooden ocarinas in the classic "Sweet Potato " - make - form and in the " Walnut ". " Mountainocarinas " developed even " outdoor ocarinas " in the " in-line" form which are made from materials such as aluminum, polycarbonate, Corian and various hardwoods. In recent years, multi-chamber ocarinas were also particularly developed the "Double" - " Triple" - and " Quadruple " system, based on the devised by Luigi Silvestri multi-chamber system.

In addition to the ocarina, there are other instruments that operate on the same principle. For example, one of the Gemshorn to the family of ocarinas, but developed by Donati modern ocarina is preceded by several centuries.

Designs

• " Inca / Peruvian Ocarina ". The original South African design of the ocarina. Do people usually only sold as souvenirs to tourists. Therefore, often poorly or not voted.
• " Egg Ocarina ". Ocarina egg-shaped. Mostly with four -hole system. Was very common in the old Imperial China.
• " Counterpart " ( trailer). For the " Around the neck hanging " designed ocarina design. Most 4 -, 5 - or 6 -hole system, often referred to as the " English counterpart " after Langley's system.
• "Inline". Elongated, blockflöte similar design. 8 at the top of holes on the underside of the thumb hole 2. In contrast to "Sweet Potato " the mouthpiece is not mounted perpendicular to the ocarina or the holes, but " in a row " as well.
• " Bloc Karina ". An invented by Richard Voss 4-hole ocarina. Can be set to a lower whole tone thanks to a movable piston up.
• Transverse / Budrio ocarina. Oval shape; rounded on one side, on the other hand pointed. The mouthpiece is vertical / mounted at a 90 ° angle to the ocarina or the holes. Original design by Giuseppe Donati.

Range

• Triple system: Spezialokarina with 3 octaves, over 30 holes (type Songbird, Hind, Focalink, Maparam )
• Double - system: Ocarina of 2 octaves, over 20 holes (type Songbird, Hind, Focalink, Maparam )
• 12 -hole system: System St. Louis Ocarina, Songbird: one octave and 5 tones chromatically
• 10 -hole system: design Rotter, Plaschke, Posch, Songbird: one octave and 3 tones chromatically
• 8 -hole system (medium to easy way of playing ): c, d, e, f, g, a, h, c
• 7-hole system design Rotter: 1 octave chromatic
• 4 -hole system ( English type to Langley ): 1 octave chromatic. In one variant with two thumb holes ( total of 6 holes) to get chromatically to 1 octave and 2 tones.
• 4 -hole system (easy- Ocarina, for early music education and for persons without knowledge score ): 6 tones (c, d, e, f, g, a) - also half-tone steps possible.

Pitches

Further use

Movies

• In the war film classic Stalag 17 (1953 ), a Ocarina turns up playing prisoner.
• The title tune of Bad and the Ugly contains ocarinas.
• " Melody " plays in Pokémon 2 - The Power of One an ocarina.
• Tapion from Dragon Ball Z Dragon Fist in the film plays on a ocarina.
• In the movie spies at work plays an agent ocarina.
• In Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, a student plays an ocarina in the classroom.
• In My Neighbor Totoro Totoro plays an ocarina.

Series

• In the episode Doug Doug's No Dummy Skeeter plays an ocarina.
• Menma from the anime Naruto has a implementation of ocarina.

Music

• György Ligeti sets ocarinas and flutes a lotus in his Violin Concerto.
• In Wild Thing by The Troggs an ocarina solo occurs.

Games

• In several console games of the series The Legend of Zelda ocarinas are with special abilities for the hero Link of importance, especially in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.
• In the console game Lunar: Silver Star Story ( 1996) Alex plays an ocarina.
• In the console game Jade Cocoon: The Tamamayu Legend (1998) the hero Levant has an ocarina with which he can catch monster.
• In the console game Professor Layton and the call of the Phantoms (2009 ) is the ocarina, according to a legend, a flute that can summon the phantom.