Old Farmer's Almanac

Old farmer calendar, colloquially " Mandl Calendar " for the small pictures of saints ( Styrian " Mandl " for males ) since 1949 is called a traditional farmer calendar, which is printed since the early 18th century in Graz. From ( presumably) from 1892 to 1948 he was called " New Farmer Calendar ", just before " almanac ". Since it was originally intended for easy, reading ignorant rural population, it is richly illustrated and shows in addition to -day Saints also symbols for the expected weather that was predicted from the weather observation in the past and from proverbs, and for work in agriculture such as sowing, mowing, harvesting, vintage or slaughter and the day length, sunrise and sunset to. This calendar appears in hardly altered size ( 8.3 x 10.3 cm, 32 pages), shape and design for about 300 years, making it the oldest continuously published annual calendars worldwide.

History

The Mandl calendar has evolved from the old calendar shapes such as rod and wooden calendar calendar. Precursors are found in Admonter Bauer Calendar ( 1500) and the Augsburg calendar. In Augsburg, already on 23 September 1689, the family Labhart received the imperial privilege for distribution in the imperial dominions. With the emergence of letterpress calendar Bauer became more popular. 1706 by Graz bookbinder and publisher Franz Jakob Ludwig the petition to Emperor Joseph I was asked to approve an imperial privilege for the distribution of such a calendar in Styria, which has also been issued including December 15, 1706. The oldest preserved Mandl calendar dates from 1757. In 1785, first mentioned as a printer Andreas Leykam. In the Styrian Provincial Archives gapless rows are held in custody since 1784. 1988 Calendar from the publisher Leykam Alpina a review was undertaken and some improvements and adjustments carried out. But he still appears in the traditional design, size, number of pages and in fracture script. The name "New " almanac refers to the Gregorian calendar reform and identifies this as the Gregorian calendar peasant reform accordingly. From 1949, this designation was changed to " age " Farmer Calendar, since now have found use only Gregorian Calendar in the distribution area of the Bauer calendar and now the traditional design should be highlighted with "age".

Beginning of the 1990s was the support 300,000 units, of which about 50,000 were exported. It is estimated that about one in two Styrian household bought at that time an annual Mandl calendar.

Variants

With the same symbolism but otherwise put up, there are now wall and diaries from the same publisher.