Olivenza

Olivenza (Portuguese: Olivença [ uli'vɐjsɐ ] ) is a Spanish city in the province of Badajoz, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. It lies on the Guadiana near the border with Portugal away about 25 km from Badajoz and is the capital of the comarca of Olivenza. Olivenza has 12,043 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2013 ) and an area of ​​430.1 km ².

Portuguese in Olivenza

End of the 19th century, the inhabitants of the city were bilingual, according to the linguists Leite de Vasconcelos. In the more remote villages, but they spoke only Portuguese. In the 1960s these had become bilingual. Until the 1940s in the majority of the inhabitants spoke the local dialect of Portuguese. Today, however, this is almost extinct.

Territorial disputes

From the Treaty of Alcañices in 1297 to, in the Castile ceded Olivenza to Portugal, and to the year 1801, when it was occupied in Orange War of Spanish troops, the territory was under Portuguese suzerainty. In the same year it was ceded by the Treaty of Badajoz in Spain. Spain's position is that the contract was still valid and Olivenza thus de jure Spanish territory.

Portugal complained Olivenza de jure, since the contract by the rupture of a specified article by him in Spain had become invalid. This had occurred when Spain was attacked in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars, Portugal. Furthermore, Portugal leads Article 105 of the Congress of Vienna of 1815 in the field that Spain had signed in 1817. Is in him that the victorious powers " seek to provide with mightiest conciliatory effort Olivenza again under Portuguese sovereignty ". Say, the borders between the two countries in the area of ​​Olivenza should run as specified in the 1297 Treaty of Alcañices. Spain interprets Article 105 as not necessarily with respect to the return Olivenza to Portugal, so the Peace of Badajoz was still decisive.

Portugal has never formally charged under the Vienna Convention claim on Olivenza, however, never recognized the Spanish claims. The Guia de Portugal, published in the 1920s under the auspices of the Republican publicists Raul Proença, designated the village as a " now part of Spain, but Portugal earth by his story."

There are no studies in the population Olivenza regarding their opinion on the matter, although the official website of the municipality of the claims of Portugal rejects strict. The Spanish public opinion is the Portuguese claim on Olivenza largely unknown ( in contrast to the Spanish claim to Gibraltar or Morocco claim to Ceuta, Melilla and the plazas de soberanía ).

On the other hand, the increased awareness in Portugal with regard to the claim by the public relations of stakeholders who have asked the question and publicly discussed.

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Pedro da Fonseca († 1422 ), Portuguese Cardinal
  • Paulo da Gama (1465-1499), Portuguese navigator, brother of Vasco da Gama
  • Vicente Lusitano ( † after 1561), Portuguese composer and music theorist of the Renaissance
  • Tomás Romero de Castilla (1833-1910), theologian, founder of the Archaeological Museum of Badajoz
  • Ventura Ledesma Abrantes (1883-1956), founder of the Association Grupo dos Amigos de Olivença, dt: Friends of Olivenza Olivenza to return to Portugal
  • Guillermo Fernández Vara (born 1958 ), Spanish politician
  • José Jesús Perera ( born 1980 ), Spanish footballer
List of postal codes in Spain Guadiana River Alto Alentejo Subregion War of the Oranges Treaty of Badajoz (1801) Peninsular War First Portuguese Republic List of territorial disputes Almendralejo Barcarrota Don Benito Llerena, Badajoz Villanueva de la Serena Zafra
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