Omar Khayyám
Omar Khayyam Omar Khayyam or (Persian عمر خیام ' Omar Khayyam -e [ Lungomare xajɑ: m ]; Arabic عمر الخيام Umar al - Hayyam; born May 18, 1048 Nishapur, Khorasan province, † December 4, 1131 ibid ) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and poet.
Life and work
Omar Khayyam found the solution of cubic equations and their roots by the geometric representation. His path continued until centuries later Descartes continued. Omar Khayyam dealt primarily with the parallel, where he was also looking for a proof of the parallel axiom of Euclid (see Saccheri quadrilateral ), and the irrational numbers. He created also a long time dominant work of algebra and treated among others, the arrangement of the binomial coefficients known as Pascal 's Triangle today.
The Seldschukenfürst Malik Shah Omar Khayyam in 1073 I commissioned the construction of an observatory and the creation of a solar calendar for astrological purposes. Omar's calendar was more accurate than the 500 year later Gregorian calendar. The modern Iranian calendar is based on his calculations.
Omar Khayyam had acquired in his time too much reputation by his philosophical texts, factual detail and little dealt with aggressively anti-Islamic topics.
In his Robā'īyāt ( " quatrains " ) he let his mind wander, and you can see him here from a more enlightened and skeptical side. If at all, only a few of these verses were published in his lifetime. Persian sources mention and quote his verses until the late 12th century, after Omar Khayyam's death. His verse was denied by the Persian side poetic recognition. It did not count him as " Seven Sisters " of the Persian poet ( Firdausi, Nizami, Anwari, Hafiz, Rumi, Saadi, Jami ).
Only the congenial translation of Rubai'yat by the English scholar Edward FitzGerald in the middle of the 19th century made Omar Khayyam in the West known and famous in the Anglo-American world. His fame in the West beamed back to the poet in his home country.
Extensive translations into German was followed in 1880 by Adolf Friedrich Graf von Schack and Friedrich Bodenstedtstraße, 1912 followed translations of Friedrich Rosen. Klabund made a paraphrase German under the title " The epigram of the Persian tent -maker ".
Artistic adaptations
The English composer Sir Granville Bantock composed an oratorio Omar Khayyam in 1906 for orchestra, choir and three soloists ( alto, tenor, baritone = lover, poet, philosopher ), where he drew on the translation of the Rubai'yat by Edward FitzGerald.
The 2011 premiered " narrative " Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra, Op 34 under the title Khayyam by the Turkish composer Fazil Say mainly refers to Khayyam's life.
1956 William Dieterle filmed life Omar Khayyam in the film Storm over Persia.
2005 edited Kayvan Mashayekh his life story in the film "Prince of Persia. The Legend of Omar Khayyam. "
Werkausgaben
- Omar Khayyam: Quatrain ( Ruba ʿ īyāt ). Translated by Friedrich Rosen with miniatures by Hossein Behzad. epubli, 2010. ISBN 978-3-86931-622-2.
- Rubaiyat. AuthorHouse, Bloomington (IN ) 2005 ( translated by Edward Fitzgerald ), ISBN 978-1-420-92577-7 ( The most popular translation of the famous Rubaiyat into English).
- The Rubaijat Omar Khayam accompanied by Persian miniatures. Translated by A. F. Graf von Schack. Productions Liber, Fribourg 1979, ISBN 3-88059-135-0
- The sayings of Omar tentmaker. 13th edition. Island, Frankfurt, 1993 ( translated by Friedrich Rosen ), ISBN 3-458-08407- X.
- Omar Khayyam: After quatrains from Edward Fitzgerald's " Rubaijat ". Transferring Salo Weindling, In: Castrum Peregrini. 184-185 (1988), ISSN 0008-7556, pp. 94-98.