Ophiocordycipitaceae

Under the fuzzy term nuclear lobes some parasitic fungi living are summarized. They belong to the Ascomycetes ( Ascomycota ). Until recently, all such fungi were in the genus Cordyceps listed ( Fam Cordycipitaceae until recently Fam Clavitipitaceae ). Meanwhile, many nuclear lobes were transferred to two new genera, belonging to a different family, the Ophiocordycipitaceae (see below), thus was "nuclear club" does not hold as taxon. Most species are found rarely in Central Europe.

Features

The fungi parasitize deer truffles ( Elaphomyces ), in rare cases, root truffle ( Rhizopogon ), or insects or spiders. The fruiting bodies ( stromata ) consist of a stem and a fertile head, which contains the perithecia. The former is usually longer than the depth below the surface, in which the host is located. In the asci are eight long filamentous and septate spores; the septa formed during maturation of the spores. Its distance is for the determination of major importance, however, the measurement of spores that are still in the asci, lead to errors.

Many nuclear lobes occur as numerous other ascomycetes also, in a secondary fruit shape ( Anamorphic ) on. These were often described using a different name than the main crop types ( teleomorph ). Establish the relationship between the two forms, is usually difficult because they do not look similar to each other and only rarely occur together.

Dolls - core lobe ( Cordyceps militaris ) on the doll of a butterfly

Crooked core lobe ( Cordyceps tuberculata ) on a moth

Cordyceps ignota on a tarantula; molecular genetic analyzes are pending.

Kopfige core lobe ( Elaphocordyceps capitata ) on deer truffle ( Elaphomyces )

Elaphocordyceps rouxii to warty deer truffle ( Elaphomyces granulatus )

Tongues - core lobe ( Elaphocordyceps ophioglossoides ) to deer truffle ( Elaphomyces )

Ophiocordyceps australis

Chinese caterpillar fungus ( Ophiocordyceps sinensis)

Unknown core leg on an ant

Ecology

The mature spores of the fungi float in the air, from where the hosts are infected. It is assumed that the spore to germinate is excited as soon as it has been in contact with the correct host. There, the fungus spreads from then, wherein the host is killed within a few days. Insects were then completely permeated by the mycelium and act like mummified. After that, the fungus forms its fruiting bodies, if the conditions are favorable.

The parasitic truffles in core -lobe types who specialize in any particular kind of truffle. The growing in insect and spider species, however, are highly host faithful. They rarely be found in other than the typical animals.

System

Worldwide, more than 400 species have been described, of which the majority of insects and spiders parasitized and is known from the tropics and Asia. For Western Europe, about 20 species are given. A selection provides the following list.

  • Family Cordycipitaceae
  • Cordyceps
  • Nadelsporige nuclear club - Cordyceps bifusispora OE Eriksson 1982
  • Cordyceps memorabilis ( Cesati 1861) Saccardo 1878
  • Dolls - core club - Cordyceps militaris (Linnaeus 1753: Fries 1823) Link 1833
  • Core crooked leg - Cordyceps tuberculata ( Lebert 1858) Maire 1917
  • Family Ophiocordycipitaceae
  • Elaphocordyceps
  • Kopfige nuclear club - Elaphocordyceps capitata ( Holmskjold 1790: Fries 1823) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Elaphocordyceps intermedia ( S. Imai 1934) G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Elaphocordyceps japonica ( Lloyd 1920) G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Langsporige or Canadian nuclear club - Elaphocordyceps longisegmentis ( Ginns 1988) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Tongues - core club - Elaphocordyceps ophioglossoides ( Ehrhart 1788: Fries 1823) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Elaphocordyceps rouxii ( Candoussau 1976) G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Ophiocordyceps
  • Ophiocordyceps clavulata ( Schweinitz 1832) Petch 1933
  • Beetle larvae core club - Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza ( Dickson 1785: Fries 1823) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Fly nuclear club - Ophiocordyceps forquignonii ( Quélet 1887) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Tracked core club - Ophiocordyceps gracilis ( Greville 1824) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Kollarett - core club - Ophiocordyceps larvicola ( Quélet 1878) Van Vooren 2009
  • American nuclear club - Ophiocordyceps michiganensis ( Mains 1934) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Ant core club - Ophiocordyceps Myrmecophila ( Cesati 1846) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Chinese caterpillar fungus - Ophiocordyceps sinensis ( Berkeley ) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Wasp - core club - Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala ( Klotzsch 1843) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Ophiocordyceps Stylophora (Berkeley & Broome 1857) GH Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel - Jones & Spatafora 2007
  • Ophiocordyceps unilateralis ( Tulasne & C. Tulasne 1865) Petch 1931

Swell

Organism
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