Orangery

An orangery is a historical representative garden of citrus plants. While Orangerie in the 17th and 18th centuries stood as a synonym for " collection of exotic, non- hardy plants " and described the setting up of such plants outdoors, the term has been transferred to the building since the 18th century, in which housed the collections were. Orangeries were especially known in the context of representative palaces and gardens of the Baroque.

Development

From the 16th century came collections of orange and other citrus trees and in fashion at the European courts. Such trees was obvious called Orangerie, so the term was only the trees. Initially, the orangeries were still localized, because the trees were rooted in the ground, with the introduction of the planting bucket but they were non-stationary. The technical breakthrough came with the invention of the bucket transport wagon by André Le Nôtre (1613-1700), the gardener of Versailles.

Orangeries served both decorative and ceremonial purposes as well as the satisfaction of the increasing need of the royal courts of exotic and citrus fruits in particular. The citrus tree was highly suitable as a representation of the object, because could make a manifold mythological links with him to (about the mythological theme of the tree in the Hesperides ) and because he traveled far to the other and, therefore, was very expensive.

The evergreen, the same fruits and flower -bearing citrus trees were because of their fragrance and symbol content ( symbol of eternal life, Hercules iconography ) to the most popular plants in the formal gardens of the Baroque.

It developed three classic kinds of installation of the Orangerie: the square, where the citrus trees were placed in a rectangular shape, the circle and the Teatro form. In the latter arrangement, the most elaborate, the trees were positioned in a semicircle.

Thus, the oranges in the winter is not received, they were found Dezallier d' Argenville rely on conservatories: For northern countries such as Holland, Sweden, but also England, he recommended for the summer months even glass houses. So orangeries were only a minor scale decorative and ceremonial purposes. First, they were there to accommodate the citrus trees and other frost sensitive plants in the winter months. They were crowded together there in a confined space (French serrer ), from where also the original name for orangeries ( Serre ) derived.

The Orangery

Especially the entrenched orangeries needed a located immediately adjacent to the planting winter garden, where could hibernate the excavated with the entire rootstock trees. Such Orangerie buildings were soon called itself Orangerie, and in today's parlance, this word usage is almost the only one.

Although the later potted plants, a site next to the site of wintering building is no longer needed and this is why in most cases was located at some distance, orangery buildings were still built. This ministered in many cases not more than being purely horticultural representative purposes and the enjoyment of the princely dominions. Such orangery building could therefore be pure prospectus architecture, which gave a worthy accompaniment to artfully prepared citrus trees and in which one held painting exhibitions, banquets and similar amusements. Are in accordance with this purpose, the Orangerie building or semicircle constructed so that, in the designation of such court the orangery could be placed in a circle or Teatroform often as round (two semi-circles, respectively ). An important architectural feature is the reaching to the bottom window. A typical feature of the architecture type orangery building is due to the representation function, the use of royal dignity forms, such as the motif of the triumphal arch. The Orangery and therefore the orangery building could both built in connection with the ornamental garden of the entire palace complex ( as with most castles ) are also set up autonomously. Still pointing to the original nutzgärtnerische function of the Orangery is the architectural reference to the vegetable garden of the castle, as in Palace of Versailles.

The end of orangeries

Increasingly, not only citrus trees, but also other exotic plants for representation were held for ornamental, such as pineapple and figs. Towards the end of the 18th century ( in Germany later) came the Orange breed out of fashion, and the gardening function of the Orangerie building was handed over to the palm houses of the 19th century. Since the modern monument of the Orangerie increasingly paying attention as private gartengestalterischem type, many former orangeries have now been restored or rebuilt.

List of Central European orangeries

• Orangerie in Altenburg
• Orangerie in Schloss Altshausen
• Orangerie in Ansbach
• Orangerie in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe
• Orangerie in Bad Muskau
• Orangerie in the Hermitage Museum, Bayreuth
• Orangerie in Bendeleben
• Large Orangerie Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin
• Small Orangery at Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin
• Former orangery House, Berlin -Mitte
• Orangerie in Blieskastel
• Orangery of the convent Bronnbach
• Orangerie in Darmstadt- Bessungen
• Luisium Orangerie in Dessau
• Zwinger Palace in Dresden
• Orangerie in Dusseldorf -Benrath
• Orangerie in Ellingen
• Orangerie in Schloss Erbach (Odenwald )
• Orangerie in Erlangen
• Orangerie in Grugapark in Essen
• Orangery Eutiner
• Orangerie in Freiburg im Breisgau
• Orangerie of the Stadtschloss City Palace
• Orangerie in Gera
• Orangerie in Schloss Glücksburg
• Orangery in Gotha
• Orangerie in Großsedlitz
• Orangerie in Philippsruhe Castle in Hanau
• Orangerie in the Great Garden in Herrenhausen
• Orangerie in Schloss Herten
• Orangerie in Karlsruhe
• Orangerie in Karlsaue, Kassel
• Orangerie in Cologne
• Orangerie in Meuselwitz
• Orangery of the convent Haydau in Brittle - Altmorschen
• Orangerie in Schloss Mosigkau
• Orangery of the Botanical Garden of Münster
• Orangerie in Neustrelitz
• Orangerie in Neuzelle monastery
• Orangerie castle in Northern Churches ( Westfalen)
• Schloss Oranienbaum, longest of any German orangeries
• Orangerie in Schloss Pillnitz
• Orangery Palace in Potsdam
• Orangerie in Putbus
• Orangerie in Rheda- Wiedenbrück
• Orangerie in Saalburg-Ebersdorf/Thüringen
• Orangerie in Schloss Salzdahlum
• Orangerie in Schärding
• Orangery of the castle Schwerin
• Orangerie in Schwetzingen
• Orangerie in Zehnhof Sinzig
• Orangerie in Wallerfangen
• Upper and Lower Orangerie of Schloss Weilburg
• Orangerie at Schloss Belvedere in Weimar
• Orangerie in Schloss Weikersheim
• Orangerie and the Palm House in the Lustgarten to Wernigerode
• Orangerie of the Würzburg Residence

• Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
• Orangerie in Schloss Hof, Lower Austria
• Orangerie in Zwettl Abbey, Lower Austria
• Orangerie at Schloss Hellbrunn, Salzburg
• Orangerie in Schloss Mirabell, Salzburg
• Orangerie in Stams, Tirol

• Orangerie Elfenau in Bern

• Orangerie in Leuven, Belgium
• Parc de l' Orangerie in Strasbourg, France
• Orangerie in Echternach, Luxembourg
• Orangerie in the Lower Silesian monastery Heinrichau, Poland
• Orangery in the Lednice Castle, Czech Republic

• City Library in the Orangery in Kempten, Germany
• Draenert Orangerie at Lake Constance, Germany
• Orangery in the Belvedere Palace in Vienna, Austria
• Orangerie d'Or in Graz, Austria
• Musée de l' Orangerie in Paris, France

Orangerie in the Lustgarten Wernigerode

Orangerie in Dusseldorf -Benrath

Remains of 1793 destroyed Orangerie on the Karlberg at Homburg