Oriya alphabet
U 0 B00 - U 0 B7F
The Oriya script ( ଉତ୍କଳ ଲିପି Utkala Lipi or ଉତ୍କଳାକ୍ଷର Utkalakshara ) is an abugida, which belongs to the North Indian scriptures. It is derived from the Brahmi script and is used in India ( State of Orissa ). The earliest known inscription in this document is from the year 1051.
With the Oriya font also a number of minority languages in the state of Orissa is written.
- 4.1 Special forms for < ya > and
- 7.1 vowels
- 7.2 consonants
- 7.3 Vokaldiakritika
Text example
( Bidhu Bhusan Das Gupta and Bimbadhar The: Oriya Self- Taught, Calcutta 1967)
Translation ( by Das Gupta and Das)
In a village lived an old man named Chandrasekhar. He had two sons. The elder was called Shashibhusan, the younger Charubhusan. Charubhusan lost his father when he was only eighteen years old. Therefore, it loved his mother very much. His older brother was seven or eight years older than he. So while Shashibhusan went to school, Charubhusan spent the time with games.
" Oriya is encumbered with the drawback of an excessively awkward and cumbrous written character. At first glance ... to Oriya book Seems to be all curves, and it takes a second look to notice thatthere is something inside each. "
Special
The Oriya script is an abugida. It belongs to the Indian script circle. For details on the typology of Indian scriptures and to the alphabetical arrangement see Indian writing circle.
Oriya Alphabet
Among the Oriya characters, the Latin transliteration is specified according to ISO 15919 and in brackets the IPA phonetic transcription.
Vowels
Consonants
Virama and Vokaldiakritika
As in other Abugidas the consonants of the Oriya font have an inherent vowel. It is transliterated as and [ ɔ ] pronounced. His absence will be marked graphically with Hasanta ( Virama ):
For the other vowels Vokaldiakritika be used:
The Vokaldiakritika can merge more or less strongly with the consonants. In modern printing such ligatures are used less frequently.
Consonant ligatures
The Oriya script defines two types of consonant ligatures. The North Indian type is formed by fusion of two or more consonants analogous to most North Indian scriptures such as Devanagari. In the South Indian type, the consonants are arranged one above the other as in the writings of Kannada and Telugu ( and partly Malayalam ). The following table shows the most common ligatures. ( Their number can vary from font to font. )
Special forms for < ya > and
< Ya > and
Mixed Signals / possibilities of confusion
Many Oriya characters one can easily be confused with each other. This increases the difficulty in learning the Scriptures.
To reduce this possibility of confusion, in some cases, a small slash on the lower right end of the character is added as a diacritic. It is like the Hasanta ( Virama ), but is connected to the letters, while Hasanta remains unconnected. Makes a consonant a Vokalligatur, in its lower right end is changed, so the little slash is moved to a different position. This also applies to consonant ligatures that contain this slash ( see the table of consonant ligatures ).
Some ligature and variants of Vokaldiakritika have alternate functions:
Open top consonants as a variant of the Diakritikums for at the bottom of a check mark:
The same check is used in some consonant ligatures to denote
The under -written form of
The under -written form of
The under -written forms of < n> and
The Nasalierungszeichen < ṁ > can also be used as a diacritic in a different function:
At first glance suggests the large number of characters with round shapes that the Oriya font could be more closely related to its southern neighbor Telugu than with the neighbors Bengali in the north and Devanagari in the West.
The reason for the round shapes in Oriya and Telugu (as well as in Kannada and Malayalam ) is the former write method in which one einritzte the characters in a palm leaf.
This horizontal lines had to be avoided in order not to damage the sheet.
Thus, the horizontal line across the most Devanagari and Bengali Oriya characters in an arc.
Thus one finds in reading the Oriya font the distinctive parts of the letters usually relatively small under the great arch.
Taking this into account, it can be seen from the following tables clearly more closely related to Devanagari and Bengali.
However, all writings represented here the same origin, the Brahmi script.
The treatment of
Unicode encodes the Oriya script in Unicode Oriya block in the code area U 0 B80- U 0 B7F.
:
Oriya numerals
Comparison of the Oriya script with its neighbors
Vowels
Consonants
Vokaldiakritika
Oriya Unicode