Pachisi

Pachisi (pronounced Patschisi, Hindi: पच्चीस paccīs, twenty-five ') is considered to be one of those games where the " game culture " of Europe is built. Even today it is the most played game in the world running, especially in his home country of India. In the 19th century Pachisi was brought to England and the U.S., and it developed many variations.

Pachisi is a more recent and simpler version of the game Chaupar (also Chaupad, Chaupur, Chaupat, Chausar or Pat in Sanskrit). The board of Chaupar is the same, but the rules are complicated. Chaupar was the more aristocratic game Pachisi was a popular game. Today Chaupar is as popular as Pachisi in the Indian population.

• 2.1 Rules
• 2.2 cubes
• Beat figures 2.3
• Merge 2.4 tokens
• 2.5 barriers
• 2.6 Gambling

• 5.1 Chinese game
• 5.2 Ludo
• 5.3 Catch the Hat
• 5.4 Hexentanz
• 5.5 Jeu des petits chevaux
• 5.6 Ludo
• 5.7 Maleficent
• 5.8 Ludo
• 5.9 Parcheesi
• 5:10 Parchís
• 5:11 Parques
• 5:12 Tock

History

History of Chaupar

The story of Chaupar is virtually impossible to decouple from that of Pachisi. It is believed that the game is in the 4th century developed as a modification of the Korean game Yut that spread long ago to the west and so came to India. Chaupar is regarded as the more courtly game. In Chaupar one discovers rules that are known by Korean game Yut, such as the ability to merge two pawns. This also shows the close relationship of Yut to Chaupar and Pachisi.

In Delhi, Allahabad and Agra big game plans of marble were found in the palaces, which suggest that was played with live figures. Legend has it that in the 16th century, the Mughal emperor Akbar the game should have played instead of the normal game characters out there with sixteen Haremssklavinnen who were dressed in four different colors, on a large marble game board.

History of Pachisi

The oldest written reference in Europe can be found in a book by Thomas Hyde De Ludis orientalibus from 1694. It can be concluded definitely that the game of English travelers was brought to Europe.

The game Pachisi originated in the 6th century. The game was first used in the 19th century by the British from India to Europe as Patchesi to England and as Patcheesi in the United States. From these two versions emerged with time many modifications. The first modification is the game The popular Game of Patchesi the company John Jaques & Son, London in 1863. Another early modification of the game is Parcheesi, The Game of India, which was issued by the company Selchow & Righter in 1874 and was protected by copyright.

Towards the end of the century it was in Switzerland and Germany the game Ludo. The game has virtually disappeared in Germany since a new Parachisi - descendant became very popular, which originated in the early 20th century: Ludo.

The reason for the variations in the individual countries could have been the trademark. An easy abgeändertes game could be easily published, the original does not.

Further modifications are the Spanish Parchís, the English children's Ludo and the French Jeu des petits chevaux.

Pachisi

Regulate

The following rules are taken from The History of Board Games (1999) by David Parlett.

Each of the four colors passes with four bricks ( figures), which are the center (char conical ) drawn over the middle track of that arm, which faces the player. The pieces are then drawn counterclockwise on the left and right lanes of the arms, and finally back through the middle path to the center.

The player with the black and red stones ( Gothic, "horse " ) form a team and those with green and yellow stones form a team. These two teams play against each other. The players of the teams are facing each other. The players of a team throw themselves out not mutually exclusive. If one of the player moves all in the target, he rolls still on, and his points are set with the stones of his partner.

Dice

Is rolled with five to seven cowries and counting the upwardly facing openings.

25 is at five and six cowries the best litter and therefore the game gets its name. In Hindi ie 25 " pachis ".

The first player will be drawn counterclockwise. Everyone rolls one die. The player who has the highest total starts. He throws the screw again and then puts a figure on the center and then pulls them out along its orbit with so many steps, which correspond to its litter. If a player had a litter that was provided in the table with a ( ), then he can either a character who is already in the game, exactly one field to move forward or a new character (of his own, not those of the partner ) bring into play. After that, he must again throw. After three litters with a ( ) there is a penalty, which may be different depending on the variant.

A player must not throw a draw if he does not want, for example, if the result would lead to a worse position.

Beat figures

A figure of an opposing player is hit if a separate token on the opponent's stone of a field comes, is not on a safe box. The defeated token must be brought again from the opponent with the usual rules of the game. If a game piece on a secure box, so no one else can match stone are drawn to this field.

Together pieces

Some variants make it possible that two pieces can fit together, as is the case with Chaupar. Two tiles of the same color can be combined into one. They are drawn like a stone and like a stone be beaten. This comes at the higher benefit (faster forward movement ) have a higher risk (two stones are struck simultaneously).

Barriers

The barrier formation occurs only in many Western Pachisi descendants. Whether these are actually from a variant of this Indian game, is questionable.

Two same-colored stones form a blockade when they come to the same field. This blockade is maintained as long as no deadlock forming figure is pulled away. In a blockade, no other tokens may be passed by. The only exception is a game of assembled stone represents only one of assembled piece may such a blockade would happen and as soon as he came straight to the blockade, both hit blockade forming tokens.

Gambling

If both players have a party of their stones in the goal that must be achieved precisely with each stone, the game is over. Does a game piece is a one to accurately move to the middle, so a design with a ( ) must be thrown.

Symbolism

The Hungarian researchers Games András Lukácsy sees Pachisi a reflection of Far Eastern symbolism. People are "born" by starting from the center to pull out into the world, ( they go in different directions around the Earth ), to finally come back to their place of birth. Wider track the players go a great misfortune and he dies ( the character is hit ), he must be "born again". He finally reached the goal, he has reached in paradise and has no reincarnation on.

Rules at Chaupar

The differences include pachisi.

• There are no multiple litters at a given face value.
• There are no safe playing fields.
• The pieces start from the fields 6, 7, 23 and 24
• Two characters can be merged as the game Yut once they meet each other and are then drawn as a character. They may only be beaten by another merged figure.
• Exposure is not allowed.

Descendants

There are numerous modified Pachisi the world. They are all originated directly or indirectly from this ancient Indian game.

• On April 11, 1862 game called The Game of Puchese for Messrs. Wood and Arathoon is patented, but it was never published.
• 1863 brings the company John Jaques & Son the game The popular Game of Patchesi to the UK market. On March 4, 1864 game is registrable trademark.
• 1867 a game called Patcheesi is brought to the American market and renamed in 1868 in Parcheesi. 1874 Game of the Selchow and Righter Company was registered as a trademark.
• Circa 1880, starting from Patchesi, a game called Ludo invented and patented in 1896 in England under the number 14636.
• Before the turn of the century 1900 Games Parchís in Spain and Ludo in Germany appear. And about the same time is a game called Chinese game in the German children.
• During the Belle Époque, the game Jeu des petits chevaux in France is popular.
• 1907/1908 changes Josef Friedrich Schmidt from the English game Ludo. He calls it the future Ludo and bring it to 1914 in Germany on the market.

Some well-known descendants in alphabetical order:

Chinese game

The Chinese game is a breeze from the 19th century and is characterized by the enormous simplification of the game principle. Each player receives a single character. The cube is a color cube and is advanced to the right color is always only one field.

Ludo

Ludo, first emerged in mid to late 19th century, is today a played mainly in Switzerland modification of Pachisi. It is now frequently sold in combination with a mill or Chinese checkers game. The theme is the walk from home to the city or to the inn. It appeared in various publishers under the titles The way to the hostel, with the aim wisely and always forward. This game is played anticlockwise.

Here characters are defeated, go to the enemy on the same field or they are outdated. Figures may not be beaten on safe fields ( brown " banks" ) and only where safe areas are blocks with two figures allowed. Is rolled with a 6- cube, where the counts double diced Six.

Catch the Hat

Catch the hat is a variant of Pachisi with the following features: Captured pieces are not reset, but " eaten" ( caught ). The game pieces can move in all directions. The winner is the player whose color remains.

Witches' Dance

This variant is designed according to a theme. The game characters are witches dancing around a cauldron. In contrast to most Pachisi games where the game colors are clearly visible, they are hidden in these figures. The player must therefore remember, what are his pawns. Each player may move each character.

Jeu des petits chevaux

The Jeu des petits chevaux ( "Little Horse game" ) is the French version. It is so called because it was brought out in the publication around the turn of the century with chess jumpers to simulate a horse race. It is still sold mostly with young horses as Zugfiguren. Each color has two horses available. It is played clockwise.

Own and enemy horses may not be overtaken and who encounters a starting field of an opponent's horse needs to go back to the stable. Blockades and rest fields are not provided.

Ludo

The name comes from the Latin ludo ludo, which means " I play ".

Ludo is a simplified variant of the game Pachisi and was released in England in 1896, especially for children. It is considered the English version of the game Ludo. It is just like the Ludo played in a clockwise direction, but blocks are allowed in the original. ( The blocking rule can now be omitted for simplicity). Is Pulled out with a diced 6

Maleficent

Maleficent was invented in 1959 by Werner Schöppner. In this Pachisi descendant of the cross-shaped board is gone. Some principles of the game Pachisi were thus enhanced. Thus, the figures come very quickly in the way. Hitting the opponent's pieces is the same as Pachisi. A beaten enemy piece must be returned to their original field. A big change there is at the blockades: The blockades are not set up with figures, but are separate pieces. Must be Pulled out not with a specific litter, but can occur at any time. The winner is the player who has drawn first a figure with an exact throw to the target field.

Ludo

This German version was released by Josef Friedrich Schmidt in Schmidt Spiele -Verlag in 1910. It is a very simplified Pachisi without blockages. Also, is not pulled into the center, but it must be taken on the four own cross fields all the characters that are used in other Pachisi games as a "staircase " in the middle. Is Pulled out with a diced 6 Enemy characters are beaten when a figure on the field comes. Play proceeds clockwise.

Parcheesi

Parcheesi is especially popular in the U.S., since it has brought the company Selchow & Righter in 1874 on the market. The game plan was repeatedly subjected to a redesign. First was the plank of wood. A cardboard version followed in the 20th century and has long been so commercially. In the meantime, many new boards in the commercial, which took the four colored pawns little green water buffalo, red tiger, blue and yellow elephants camels than Zugfiguren.

In Parcheesi is played with two dice and it may blockages ( two figures on a field ) can be built anywhere. Is Pulled out a figure with the sum 5, or when a single cube 5 indicates. Is beaten an opponent's figure, once drawn to the same field. There is also secure fields, where can not be beaten. This game is played anticlockwise.

Parchís

Parchís is the Spanish version and is played like Ludo, with the difference that figures to be beaten as soon as they land on the same field. In addition, we must continue to move 20 fields when hitting an opponent's piece, which is why the playing fields are also numbered 1-68. If you have placed one of his five figures in the "House ", one may well draw its own arbitrary 10 fields. You roll three six times in succession, you have to again with the token back to the waiting circuits.

Parques

This played in Colombia variant is played with two dice. It is his litters according to the figures eyes either split or added together for only a figure to use. The figures are taken to the field with doubles litter ( 1-1, 2-2 etc.).

Tock

Tock is a Canadian Pachisi descendant, which is known as the Dog in Switzerland. The peculiarity of this derivative is that the board is mostly wood with grooves for marbles that are used instead of pawns. Also played with Bridge cards and not with a game cube. By choosing the next train out of the leaf on the hand and the cooperation with a partner player results in a variant of the game with a lot more tactical units.