Papaveraceae

Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas)

The Poppy Family ( Papaveraceae ) are a family in the order of Hahnenfußartigen ( Ranunculales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ).

Description

They are mostly one-, two -, perennial (rarely monokarpisch ) or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs or trees. They usually contain latex. The leaves are alternate. Stipules are usually not available.

The flowers are borne singly or in differently constructed inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are always radial symmetry or zygomorphic with a double perianth ( perianth ). The two green or kronblattartigen sepals covering for protection in knospigen stage the petals and fall off when opening the flowers. So open flowers have supposedly only a Blütenhüllblattkreis. There are four petals present. There are available depending on the family of four, six, or many stamens. Two to several carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. The ovules are arranged in parietal placentation. Often fruit capsules are formed.

System

The Papaveraceae family in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu is in genera plantarum, pp. 235-236. Type genus is Papaver L.. Synonyms for Papaveraceae Juss. are: Chelidoniaceae Martynov, Eschscholziaceae Ser, Fumariaceae Marquis, Hypecoaceae Willk. . & Lange, Platystemonaceae Rchb. ex Lilja, Pteridophyllaceae Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland.

The Papaveraceae family is divided into two subfamilies. There are about 41 genera with about 800 species this:

  • Tribus Chelidonieae: it contains about nine genera: Bocconia L.: The approximately nine woody species thrive in mountainous regions of the Neotropics, including: Mexican Tree Poppy ( Bocconia frutescens L.): He is in Mexico, distributed on Caribbean Islands and Costa Rica.
  • Celandine ( Chelidonium majus L.)
  • Asian horned poppy or Franchet - Dicranostigma ( Dicranostigma franchetianum ( Prain ) Fedde ): It grows on limestone or phyllite sand at altitudes 1725-1850 meters in Yunnan and Sichuan.
  • Himalayan poppy horn or salad Dicranostigma ( Dicranostigma lactucoides Hook f & Thoms. . ): It thrives in Hühenlagen 2700-4300 meters in the Himalayas and Trans- Himalayas of Nepal to Garwhal and southeastern Tibet.
  • Feinstieliger horned poppy or Dünnstieliges Dicranostigma ( Dicranostigma leptopodum ( Maxim. ) Fedde ): It grows at altitudes around 3600 meters in China from southern Tibet via Qinghai and Yunnan to southern Hebei and northern Henan and western.
  • Snow poppy ( Eomecon chionantha Hance ): It is located in eastern China.
  • Forest poppy ( Hylomecon japonica ( Thunb. ) Prantl ): It is widely distributed in Asia (China, Japan, Korea).
  • White spring poppy ( Macleaya cordata ( Willd.) R.Br. ): The home is China, Taiwan and Japan.
  • Ochre Coloured spring poppy ( Macleaya microcarpa ( Maxim. ) Fedde ): The home is China.
  • To the hybrids between the two species: Macleaya × kewensis Turrill (M. cordata × M. microcarpa )
  • Canadian bloodroot ( Sanguinaria canadensis L.): It is found in Canada and in the USA and there is " bloodroot ".
  • American celandine poppy ( Stylophorum diphyllum ( Michx. ) Nutt. ): It occurs in the United States.
  • Chinese Celandine Poppy ( Stylophorum lasiocarpum ( Olivier) Fedde ): It grows at altitudes 600-1800 m in the western Hubei, southern Shaanxi and eastern Sichuan.
  • Stylophorum sutchuenense ( Franchet ) Fedde: It occurs only in China.
  • Tree Poppy ( Dendromecon Benth. ): The only two species are widespread in western North America: Harfords tree poppy ( Dendromecon harfordii Kellogg; Syn: Dendromecon rigida subsp harfordii ( Kellogg ) PHRaven. ): He is a California (Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa Islands ) is home.
  • California Tree Poppy ( Dendromecon rigida Benth. ): It is native to California and Mexico.
  • California poppy cap, also called Yellow poppies or poppy (Eschscholzia californica Chamisso )
  • Narrow- cap poppy ( Eschscholzia tenuifolia Hook. ): The home is California ( Central Valley, Sierre Nevada).
  • Mexican Tulip Poppy or Poppy Mexico ( Hunnemannia fumariifolia Sweet): It is found in eastern Mexico in the dry highlands of Nuevo Leon to Oaxaca before.
  • Tribus Papavereae: it contains about eleven genera: Arctomecon Torr. & Frem. The only three species occur in North America ( Mojave Desert ).
  • Argemone L.: It contains about 32 species in the New World and in Hawaii, for example: Mexican Prickly Poppy ( Argemone mexicana L.)
  • California wide thread ( Platystemon californicus Benth. ): It is native to California.
  • Evening poppy ( Hesperomecon linearis ( Benth. ) Greene): It occurs in California.
  • Roemeria carica Baytop: The home is Asia Minor.
  • Bastard - Roemerie ( Roemeria hybrida (L. ) DC. ): It is distributed by Southern Europe via the Middle East to North Africa.
  • Asian Tüpfelmohn ( Roemeria refracta DC. ): It is widely distributed in Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran, Central Asia and China ( Xinjiang ).
  • California poppy shrub or Coulter Romneya ( Romneya coulteri Harv. )
  • Stylomecon heterophylla ( Benth. ) G.Taylor: It is found in California and northwestern Mexico before.
  • Tribus Fumarieae: it contains two subtribe: Subtribe Corydalinae: it contains eight genera: Adlumia Raf. ex DC. Among the two types comes a kind in Asia and one in eastern North America before: Double cap ( Adlumia fungosa ( Aiton ) Greene ex Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. ): The home is Canada and the United States.
  • Adlumia asiatica Ohwi: It comes in northeastern China, Korea, and Russia's Far East.
  • Pink corydalis or harlequin Corydalis ( Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh. ): Of course, you only occurs in North America and is naturalized in southern Norway at one point for over 100 years.
  • Golden Heart Flower ( Ehrendorferia chrysantha ( Hook. & Arn ) Rylander; Syn: .. . Dicentra chrysantha ( Hook. & Arn ) Walp ): The home is Oregon and California.
  • Ehrendorferia ochroleuca ( Engelm. ) Fukuhara: It occurs only in California.
  • Ichtyoselmis macrantha ( Oliv. ) Lidén & Fukuhara: It is native to China.
  • Bleeding Heart ( Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara; Syn. Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem ): It is originally native only in China and Korea:
  • Ceratocapnos Durieu (including Dissosperma Soják ): it contains only three species, including: Rank Ender corydalis ( Ceratocapnos claviculata (L.) Lidén ): The home is Europe.
  • Ceratocapnos heterocarpa Durieu: It occurs in North Africa, southern Spain and Portugal.
  • Cryptocapnos chasmophyticus Rech f: It is native to Afghanistan.
  • Discocapnos mundtii Cham. & Schltdl. It is native to South Africa.
  • Fumariola turkestanica Korsh. It is native to Central Asia.
  • Platycapnos saxicola Willk. The home is southern Spain and North Africa.
  • Platycapnos spicatus (L.) Bernh. The home is located in South-Western Europe (Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Sicily) before
  • Feinlappiger wide smoke ( Platycapnos tenuilobus Pomel ): The home is Spain, France and North Africa.
  • Pale yellow glow corydalis ( Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén: It comes with about three subspecies in Europe ( northern Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Northern Albania, Macedonia ).
  • Yellow note corydalis or Yellow Corydalis ( Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. ): The home of the Alps in Switzerland and Italy and he is naturalized in Western and Central Europe.
  • African rock smoke ( Rupicapnos africana ( Lam.) Pomel ): It comes with several subspecies in Spain, Algeria and Marokkovor and thrives in columns perpendicular limestone and sandstone cliffs at altitudes 500-1800 m.
  • Sarcocapnos baetica ( Boiss. & Reuter ) Nyman: It comes with two subspecies only in Spain before.
  • Sarcocapnos crassifolia ( Desf. ) DC. It comes with three subspecies only in Spain before.
  • Neunblättriger meat smoke ( Sarcocapnos enneaphylla (L. ) DC. ): The home is Morocco, Spain and France.
  • Trigonocapnos lichtensteinii ( Cham. & Schltdl. ) Lidén: It is native to South Africa.
  • Tribus Hypecoeae: it contains only two genera with about 16 species: Cloth flower ( Hypecoum L.): It contains about 15 species in the Mediterranean region and in Asia, including in Europe: Beardless cloth flower ( Hypecoum imberbe Sm ): The home is Europe, Cyprus and the Caucasus.
  • Dünnfrüchtige cloth flower ( Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook f & Thomson. ): The wide distribution area is the Himalayas and southwestern China from western Tibet and Qinghai to the inner Mongolia.
  • Gelbäuglein or Gelbäugelchen ( Hypecoum pendulum L.): The home is Europe, Southwest Asia, Turkey, northwest Africa.
  • Procumbent cloth flower ( Hypecoum procumbens L.): The home is Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.
  • Racemosum Siebold & Zucc Pteridophyllum. It is a Japanese style with farnähnlich feathery leaves. The zygomorphic flowers contain two small sepals, four petals and four stamens.

Swell

  • The Papaveraceae in APWebsite family. ( Section systematics and description)
  • Mingli Zhang, Su Zhiyun, Magnus Lidén & Christopher Grey -Wilson: Papaveraceae sl, pp. 261 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008 ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 (Sections Description, distribution and systematics).
  • Robert William Kiger: Papaveraceae S. L. in the Flora of North America, Volume 3, 1997: - text Registered as printed work, Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 ( Description section )
  • Papaveraceae in Flora of Pakistan. (English)
  • Werner Greuter, HM Burdet, G. Long: Med - Checklist. Volume 4 Dicotyledones ( Lauraceae Rhamnaceae ). Pp. 269-295. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. In 1989. ISBN 2-8277-0154-5
  • Peter Schoenfelder, Ingrid Schoenfelder: The New Cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Cosmos Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3
  • Eckhart J. Hunter, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller: Excursion Flora of Germany. Volume 5 Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Oxford University Press. Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8
  • Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Boedeker, Siegmund Seybold: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
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