Paper recycling
The paper recycling collection and processing of waste paper or cardboard is known for recycling, the flow back into the trade either as a salable product class or as part of normal paper or cardboard.
Quantities of waste paper
In Germany, 22.6 million tonnes of paper and cardboard were produced in 2011. For this, 15.3 million tonnes of waste paper were used. The more paper is recycled, the less wood to be expended for paper production.
Made with a high percentage of waste paper include Packaging papers and board (up to 100 %) and newsprint (most newspapers are printed on paper made from 100% recycled paper ).
Paper is recycled for different qualities: hygiene papers (toilet paper, paper towels and kitchen towels ) or uncoated paper as for copy paper and newsprint. There are now elaborately produced copy papers that are comparable in their processing properties with virgin fiber paper and is only minimally differ also in the whiteness of this. Also in the production of higher quality papers for magazines such as recycled fibers are now used.
For sanitary papers and newsprint today almost no increase in the proportion of waste paper longer possible. To increase the recycling rates further, so also for higher papers ( for Newspapers / Magazines ) is increasingly used paper. With repeated recycling shorten the fibers and must be removed from the circuit. However, since constantly fresh fibers, for example, with magazines ( groundwood ) pulp and enter the circulation, is not a " recycling collapse" also to be expected with repeated recycling.
According to the European standard EN 643 over 65 varieties of paper are classified, the - be traded at different prices - depending on quality.
Waste paper collection
The paper collection in Germany consists of a collection and delivery system, to participate in the private and municipal companies. The collection of waste paper is governed by the recycling law. The pick-up system is characterized in that the waste paper disposed of in the bins, containers or bags for that provided by the municipalities to the collection points, then picked up by waste disposal vehicles and is sorted in sorting. In the drop-off system, also referred to as alternative detection system, waste paper collected from consumers and pre-sorted waste paper buying stations or recycling centers submitted. Thus, the energy required for the production of pure grade waste paper is inferior to the pick-up system, in which the quality of the waste paper sorting is less. As waste paper buying stations industrial waste disposal are referred to that pay for the disposal of waste paper cash.
Waste paper sorting
The waste paper is sorted by paper standards (CEN European Standard EN 643, Institute of Scrab Recycling Industries Inc. and Paper Recycling Promotion Center ) in which the allowable grades for Europe, North America and Japan are determined. It will help ensure that the paper mills get a high-quality secondary raw material for the production of their recycled papers. Current methods for sorting waste paper done manually, semi-or fully automated.
Processing of waste paper
The energy and water costs in the production of recycled paper is typically lower than in the production of paper from the primary fibers such as wood or pulp. This paper recycling is an important contribution to environmental protection.
Key process in paper recycling for graphic papers is the deinking, the removal of the ink from the paper. Undeinkte recycled papers have virtually no importance in the market.
Problems with paper recycling bright papers ready print colors that can not be removed in the conventional processes, such as the colors used in flexographic printing or for new digital printing process. During dry toner generally similar light as conventional offset printing inks can be removed from the waste paper, disturb inkjet inks and liquid toner recycling significantly. This is less true for individual print pages that are created at home or in the office, as for large scale print (advertising ) or digitally printed newspapers.
Recycled paper is used today for the manufacture of newsprint, office paper ( copy paper ), sanitary paper (toilet paper) and cardboard. Newsprint and many boxes are made almost entirely from recycled paper. The graying of the papers will be reduced by white fillers (calcium carbonate, kaolin ) and / or by additional coating of the paper surface with white coating colors.
Review
Long ago, people thought made to the disposal or recycling of waste paper. Often this seemingly spent medium was used for example in the bookmaking craft in order for example to stabilize book cover and back.
For the period around 1775, there is evidence that they had found methods to fashion used paper back to the "new" paper. Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart writes the following in his Deutsche Chronik " Martin Heinrich Klaproth in Göttingen invented the art, old, already printed paper back in, and make them useful again to print. Wilhelm Heinrich Sebastian Buchholz in Weimar this art has exercised, and an old legal tomes vice create Beyhülfe by the Weimar paper maker in Wieser's new paper on which now the Erfurt learned newspaper is printed. The 21th piece is the first in this way printed, and has been very good. But how do you destroyed the printer color? You need Walker earth, also white clay mixed with potash it. But ' tis a misery; Now the bad writers do not even have the consolation of Käskrämern herring and women have Flash installed, markets to be read. "
Perspective
The demand for recycled paper has increased dramatically worldwide, which makes the separate collection more attractive. As a result of the increase in price and high demand more and more companies offer households to the free waste paper disposal after the Higher Administrative Court of Lüneburg has declared in January 2008, the commercial collection admissible. Previously, the proceeds benefited from waste paper collections especially clubs and youth ministry.
Paper recycling is proving to in principle an economically and environmentally efficient. Nevertheless drive rapid increase in energy costs the first companies into bankruptcy. Disadvantageous effect in LCA primarily long transport distances, because paper can be recycled bad decentralized.