Paris Métro Line 7bis

Line 7 bis of the Paris Métro is the second shortest line of the Paris Metro network along the line 3 bis. The line almost entirely located in the 19th arrondissement of Paris through the Northeast. It runs between the stations on the western Louis Blanc and Pré Saint- Gervais at the eastern end of the route. The name in French means to 'B', so it is the line '7 B ' in contrast to the line '7 A', which is simply referred to in French only as Ligne 7.

• 3.1 Route
• 3.2 planning
• 3.3 Notable stations
• 3.4 crossovers
• 3.5 workshops

History

Chronology

On January 18, 1911, the stretch Louis Blanc - Pré Saint- Gervais opened, which is served first as a branch line by line 7. Over time, the main passenger flows distributed but always unbalanced, so that from that route the independent line was created 7to on 3 December 1967.

Genesis of the line 7to as part of line 7

→ Main article: Line 7 of the Paris Metro

Designing of line 7 of the Paris Metro by March 30, 1898 saw the construction of a line between the stations Danube and Palais Royal - Musée du Louvre before. The city council of Paris but decided in 1905 to relocate the southern terminus after the Hôtel de Ville and the northern terminus of the line to Pré Saint- Gervais. At the same time the construction of a branch line between Louis Blanc and Porte de la Villette was decided. Construction work on the new line began immediately thereafter, and on 5 November 1910, the first section of the Opéra to Porte de la Villette was opened, although this had been taken much later in the planning process.

The delays in the construction of the branch line to Pré Saint- Gervais explained by the difficult nature of the subsurface, which consists of three layers of plaster there, between which lies a layer of marl, respectively. In addition, the top layer of plaster is under the Buttes -Chaumont and the Quartier d' Amérique of former quarries that were operated until the mid 19th century, punctured, which complicated the construction work in a special way. These quarries in the form of galleries with a height and a width of around 10 meters, between which support massive pillars with a diameter of 8 to 10 meters, the ceiling of the mine site and therefore the overlying terrain. If the deposits were exhausted in the quarries, they were occasionally more or less filled up again, but sometimes the piers were destroyed in order to bring about a sagging of the overlying land. The construction of a tunnel in such unstable terrain was a risky business for the engineers and demanded the construction of more complex structures. The route must traverse and cut pillars, which carry a significant load virtually completely uneven terrain.

Under the Buttes -Chaumont and Rue Botzaris the tunnel passes through the former mining sites over a length of 380 meters. The pillars of the tunnel to rest here on another brick manhole rings with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a distance of six meters. East of the station Buttes -Chaumont reach the manhole rings 2.5 meters below the tunnel invert the bottom of the quarry. However, these measures were not sufficient and the tunnel began during construction to move. It was therefore necessary to build an additional axial pillar in the middle of the tunnel, which reaches down to the bottom of the underlying quarry. This explains the unusual ( for Paris metro stations ) construction of the station Buttes -Chaumont, which consists of two round arches and therefore almost two station parts, each with only one direction of the track. To prevent lateral movement of the soil, the entire building was provided with supporting struts made ​​of plaster, which continue in brick pursuit in the horizontal galleries perpendicular to the pillars.

But the construction proved to be even more complicated when crossing beneath the Quartier d' Amérique, which derives its name from the destination country to which a portion of the mined gypsum is exported. For here the uppermost layer of gypsum was not degraded, but all three superimposed layers. The northern tunnel of the end loop of the line crosses the quarries under the Rue du Général- Brunet and Rue David - d'Angers over a length of 550 meters. It was therefore necessary to support the tunnel on firm ground, ie among the three existing layers. Some of the pillars reach a height of 35 meters and take the form of an underground viaduct on. This situation explains the difficulty to build on a solid base stations: The station Danube was created for two tracks and station has two parts each for one direction of the track, which are separated by a central, acting as a pillar wall. This load-bearing wall rests on landscaped in three rows manhole rings that have another 2.5 meters in diameter and six meters distance. No fewer than 220 wells start-ups that reach a cumulative total of 5.5 kilometers, were established in this section.

This second section of Line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré Saint- Gervais was opened on January 18, 1911, delayed by the structural difficulties. The stations Buttes-Chaumont and Place des Fêtes were even opened on February 13, 1912. The operation on the line 7 was granted by traits that alternately drove from the main route from from Louis Blanc to one of the two end stations, which was broken with the practice hitherto pure two-way operation in the rest of the network of the Paris Metro.

Separation line 7 bis of the line 7

After the line 7 successively south to the station Mairie d' Ivry ( Opening 1 May 1946) was extended, there was an imbalance in terms of passenger numbers: At the Porte de la Villette is a bus from the suburbs of high traffic terminus, which this Streckenast a much larger capacity than that brought by Pré Saint- Gervais. In order to simplify the operation of the line 7, it was decided to separate the Streckenast as Pré Saint- Gervais, and there set up an independent line called 7to. On 3 December 1967, the separation and establishment of an independent lines on this section was carried out. The line has a length of 3,066 kilometers with 8 stations and thus became the shortest line in the metro network to setting up the line line 3 bis, which was separated from the line 3 on 27 March 1971.

Line 7 bis was fitted in February 1975 as the last line in the metro network to a central switchboard. However, it is not equipped with a fully automatic system driver, as the limited line of traffic does not justify the means.

Rolling stock

Line 7 bis to 1981 was equipped with features of the series Sprague -Thomson and then received trains of MF 67 Today, it is the only line in the entire metro network, operate on the features of the MF 88, the 1994 replaced the previous material there. However, these are not very reliable, which is why we consider again the older, but more cost-effective in maintenance, MF use 67. The MF 67 would be deducted from the line 2, because there are introduced since 2008 gradually entirely new features of the MF 2000 series. From the MF 88 is not a single car left.

Route and stations

Route

The total length of the line 7 bis is 3.066 kilometers, it extends it entirely underground. Line 7 bis runs in a northeasterly direction under the Rue Lafayette and first traverses the Canal Saint -Martin, before it reaches the station Jaurès. Having a curve with a radius of 100 meters, it runs in a south-easterly direction under the Avenue Secrétan. The route leads here to a ramp with a slope of 40 ‰, over which the line reaches the station Bolivar. The tunnel then passes under the Buttes-Chaumont Park continues as a ramp with a slope of 40 ‰. At the southern edge of the park, the station Buttes-Chaumont, which was built at great depth under the Quartier des Buttes Chaumont, which is littered with gypsum quarries located.

Now, to the east running, the line follows the southern end of the park under the Rue Botzaris and serves the same station. The stations Buttes-Chaumont and Botzaris consist of two half stations, which are separated by a supporting wall. In the latter station, the terminal loop of the line begins. The first single-track tunnel is below the Rue de Crimée and then expands to two tracks before it reaches the lowland station Place des Fêtes with central platform. Under the Rue du Pré -Saint -Gervais is the route back single track and away to the left from the Voie des Fêtes, a link, which continues in the direction of Porte des Lilas. First, the line reaches its apex, which lies in a curve at the intersection of Boulevard Sérurier and Rue des Bois, thereafter to reach the terminus Pré Saint- Gervais, which also has a central platform with two tracks. The southern track in the station is used by the line 7 bis, the northern part of the track called voie navette, a link that establishes the relation to the line 3 bis as the Voie des Fêtes.

The loop runs two tracks from now on for a length of 900 meters below the Rue David - d'Angers and reaches the station is provided with a central platform Danube. Also the double track tunnel leads now under the Rue du Général- Brunet along before it is single track again and again reached the station Botzaris.

Planning

For some time, there are plans to merge the line with the line 7 bis 3 bis. These plans were published in September 2008 in the " Schéma directeur de la region Ile- de -France ". You will see the use of the track connections with line 3 bis of the Voie navette between Pré Saint- Gervais and Porte des Lilas and the Voie des Fêtes between stations Place des Fêtes and Porte des Lilas ago. The line would then be expected to be extended as a line 15 by Louis Blanc addition to Château Landon and so would also connect the Gare de'l Est.

Notable stations

The station Bolivar remembered with photographs and a biography on the direction of the platform Louis Blanc on the South American general and statesman Simon Bolivar (1783-1830), one of the leaders in the fight for the independence of South America from Spain. This transformation, however, was removed in February 2009 in order to renew the station as part of the action " Renouveau du Métro ".

The station Place des Fêtes is operated only in the direction Pré Saint- Gervais, although it has two tracks and a central platform; the northern track serves as a siding for trains.

The station Danube, however, is served only in the direction of Louis Blanc; she also has two tracks, as the section from Pré Saint- Gervais is up to the eastern entrance of the station Botzaris of two tracks and one of them is used as siding and, more recently, as a workshop for the ongoing maintenance of the trains of this line.

The station was originally Haxo allow a connection between the lines 3a and 7a in order to make two lines a single one can. This plan was abandoned in 1921, although the station Haxo and a platform at the Voie des Fêtes were still built. The station is still under construction state.

The operation at the end station Louis Blanc was originally organized so that Platform same interchanges in both directions of the line 7 passed: The coming of Pré Saint- Gervais train stopped first at the upper platform of the line 7 ( direction south: Mairie d' Ivry and Villejuif - Louis Aragon ) to let off passengers, and drove then empty into the tunnel. There he turned around to go to the lower platform of the line 7 ( direction North: La Courneuve ), there take the passengers and drive back to Pré Saint- Gervais. As a result of the vulnerability of the rolling stock of this turning maneuver has now been simplified by the fact that the lower platform is no longer operated and drive back the trains directly from the top of the platform; this simplification adopted for technical reasons also facilitates the work of train drivers.

Track connections

The track has four railway connections with the rest of the network of the metro:

• Track connections with the line 7 south of the station Louis Blanc in both directions
• Track connections with line 3 bis of the Voie navette between Pré Saint- Gervais and Porte des Lilas ( this connection is no longer used since it was set up on this track in the station Pré Saint- Gervais, a maintenance workshop) and on the Voie des Fêtes between the stations Place des Fêtes and Porte des Lilas.

Workshops

The rolling stock of the line is - even as in lines 3 and 3 bis - basically maintained in the operating Workshop Saint- Fargeau, which is connected via a track connection to the station Gambetta. However, the unreliability of the MF 88 series made ​​the establishment of an additional workshop for shorter maintenance intervals and intensive investigations are necessary, which was built as a branch of the company workshop on one of the two tracks of the station Pré Saint- Gervais and on a section of the Voie navette. This measure allows for the maintenance of the material without too often to ride the twisty transfer tracks that need to be used as access to the main workshop of Saint- Fargeau as navette the Voie.

The major repair work and the regular overhaul of the material on the line 7to take place as with all driving wheels on metal coatings of the metro network in the workshops in Choisy at the southern end of the line 7. The workshops opened in 1931 located in the 13th arrondissement, near the Boulevard périphérique and are approached by a branch line 7. They consist of two different parts: A workshop is responsible for the maintenance of the trains of line 7, the other for the revision of all traveling on trains alloy wheels of the metro network. The workshops occupy an area of ​​about 34 350 square meters and employ approx. 330 employees (2007).

Operating times and cycle

The travel time on the track is only 8 minutes per direction. The first train leaves at 5.31 clock from Pré Saint- Gervais and around 5.44 clock from Louis Blanc, the last train leaves 0.47 clock from Place des Fêtes and 1.07 clock from Louis Blanc.

The average headway is day travel four to five minutes, and between seven and nine minutes in the late evening. Sunday morning the clock is 7.5 minutes in the nights on weekends and before public holidays travels every ten minutes a train. Thus, the line is the least 7to Served throughout the metro network.