Parnassus Boicus

The Parnassus Boicus or " Bavarian Mountain Muse " was a Munich-based learned society, the Parnassus Boicus 1722-1740 an educational magazine published in the Upper German language. This was so after the published since 1712 German Acta Eruditorum one of the first scientific journals in German language.

Overview

The Parnassus Boicus represented a Catholic Bavarian form of enlightenment, which operated independently of northern and eastern Germany scholarly circles of the time and linguistically even stood in opposition to it. Self- stated aim was to " launch and promotion of the sciences and the arts in the Bavarian lands " and thus overcoming the Baroque world view. From the members of the society went 1759 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences forth.

The founding members in 1722 were the three Augustinian Fathers

• Eusebius Amort,
• Agnellus Kandler (also Cändler; 1692-1745 )
• Gelasius Hieber.

Later Protestant scholars from southern Germany took part and published their scientific papers in the Journal of the society of scholars. A notable member was Johann Georg Lori.

The magazine was published in the years 1722 to 1740 in three phases under the following slightly different titles:

History

Even 1702 saw the establishment of a first learned society, the " useful and Lusterweckende company of close neighbors at the Isar current " called himself entirely in the Baroque style and was dedicated primarily to the Bavarian historical research in Munich. In 1720, the Augustinian Canons of Eusebius Amort Polling, Gelasius Hieber from Munich and Agnellus Kandler founded a new learned society with the aim of allowing such parties as the official Academy. However, this Carolo Academia Albertina could not be realized, and so the three decided to realize their project at least in the form of a scientific journal, to enable the exchange of ideas between scholars.

So it was in 1722 to the founding of Parnassus Boicus and the edition of the magazine. The special thing about this magazine was the language used in two senses. For one, it was the first scientific journal in the German language, on the other hand was quite deliberately used the Upper German writing language that was based phonetically and in the vocabulary of the Bavarian dialect. This was to be differentiated and show that not only the meißische Saxon is suitable as a language of science from the Protestant north. For it does not go on, the

At first, the magazine was published with participation of many scientists. The participants were not only Catholic scholars, but also some Lutherans from southern Germany. In Saxony and Silesia this project, however, was observed rather suspicious and felt as a Catholic rival project. The most negative reactions of the members of the German Society in Leipzig took Johann Christoph Gottsched together in his work contributions in writing to Critische history of the German language, poetry and eloquence of the year 1732.

After Eusebius Amort went on a study trip to Italy and Gelasius Hieber had died in 1731, the Parnassus Boicus was temporarily suspended. The single issues and correspondence from this first phase have been published in four anthologies. Amort returned, however, already in 1735 back to Bavaria. Inspired by the Academy movement in Italy, he reactivated the project with renewed vigor and there was a fifth volume. In 1740, a sixth anthology yet been published, but then prevented the turmoil of the Austrian War of Succession, in which Bayern also theater of war was a continuation of the work.

The idea to found a scientific academy, was born on the setting of Parnassus Boicus by Johann Georg Lori on. This founded on 12 October 1758 Bavarian scholar society, which was in 1759 officially recognized as Churbaierische Academy of Science. In the certificate of incorporation was explicitly Parnassus Boicus and also called the language policy as a model.

Language

The declared aim of the Parnassus Boicus was next to the revival of science in general linguistic emancipation from Latin and a special promotion of the German language, but in its specifically Bavarian or Upper German expression. This is formulated in the first volume from 1722:

In addition to articles for Bavarian history, the geography of different countries, the chemistry and mathematics, as well as book reviews of new publications therefore ' Germanistic " was operated research. In the relevant articles of Gelasius Hieber is not only the present-day language, the creation of an all-German standard language for debate; Hiebers essays also take early medieval German texts in the view, for example the Parnassus Boicus provides an impression of the first verse of the song Anno, the royal oath formulas of the Oaths of Strasbourg and of the St. Galler paternoster; also found here the first publication of the so-called prayers Sigiharts - with carefully forged, directed against Martin Opitz's Anno Song Edition text.

Gelasius Hieber wrote not only the grammatical, but also the poetics reports of Parnassus Boicus, in which he attacks the inaugurated by Opitz Protestant German Poeterey polemical virtuosity. The Upper German writing language of these texts contain numerous regional Bavarian- Austrian forms, Hieber and Kandler emphasize that they do not balk at an East Middle German influence, and definitely want to use on regional forms. Her intention, however, is a discussion of linguistic theory and a yet to be defined linguistic norm to initiate and build awareness of the regional diversity of the German language.

In the late baroque language dispute, however briefly put, despite all efforts have later defined by Johann Christoph Gottsched form of the East Middle and the South as a language standard by, though still in 1759 at the founding of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the use of the Upper German writing language should be continued. Gottsched comments on these polemical in a letter to Lori on August 23, 1759:

Although Johann Georg Lori defended in a response letter the model of Parnassus Boicus, but fell in 1774 in Habsburg Austria, the political decision against the top German writing language and as the reasoned from Parnassus Boicus language policy project was doomed to failure. Thus the way was clear for a unified German written language, but already a few decades it should lead to a large German-speaking nationalism. However, traces of a regional language awareness in the Bavarian area contributed possibly to the fact that Bavarian is still one of the nation's dialects.