Participation mystique
Participation mystique is a peculiar kind of psychological connectedness. The term comes from Lucien Lévy -Bruhl (1857-1939), who in 1910 due to a romantic preference for cultural and historical considerations made it the basis of the comparative history of development of peoples. This work is also related to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) contemporary ethnological studies of the backgrounds of neurotic diseases of modern civilization, people are seen. Participation mystique is a psychological theory dar.
Historical theories
According to the principle of the psycho -genetic constitution of Stanley Hall ( 1904) Ethnology is in its human history dimension is a mirror image of the individual developmental psychology. The psychogenic Basic Law Halls corresponds to the biogenetic law of Haeckel and also seeks an ontogenetic relationship between psychogenesis and phylogeny expressed by the motto: " The physical and mental intrauterine and postpartum Kindheitssentwicklung repeated the story of the phylogeny of humans and animals ".
The anthropological foundations of this psychological theory are the subject such as the ethno psychiatry and ethnopsychoanalysis. Similar theoretical foundations Freud has represented his doctrine of primary narcissism and in his writings Totem and Taboo (1912 ) and The Man Moses and Monotheism ( 1939). Otto Rank, a disciple of Freud has 1909 illuminates the prehistory of subjectivity in a small font and disclosed the contents of the primary process. Myths therefore represent not only the symbolic expression of Urerlebnissen certain peoples represent so-called founding myths ( Moses, Oedipus ), but they also embody significant individual, psychogenetically important events (so-called life events in the stress theory, the Oedipus complex as a classical psychoanalytic theory, archetypal experiences CG Jung ).
According to CG Jung Participation mystique is a " remnant of the primordial indistinction of subject and object, ie the primordial unconscious state ," an unconscious preliminary stage of the subject- object split. It is based on the emotionally experienced identity of indigenous peoples with nature and one's own tribe or on the emotionally experienced identity of the infant with her caregivers, especially with the mother. The latter is referred to by psychoanalysis as a transmission ratio. Corresponding phenomena among primitive peoples rely to some extent on a magical relationship to nature and to the collective. The interpretation of the participation described by Lévy -Bruhl 's mystique not only important in an evolutionary sense, it does, for example, aspects of the collective consciousness of course. Jung was concerned with Lévi -Bruhl to illustrate his theory of the collective unconscious, which brought him into conflict with Sigmund Freud.
Logic and linguistics
The above -mentioned point of view of the primary process also includes problems of comparative linguistics or logic such as cultural and developmental significance of the principle of contradiction ( the style of the so-called primitive thought ). Erich Fromm, for example, on the paradoxes logic out in this connection that has a relation to God idea. Carl Gustav Jung referred to this way of thinking as enantiodromia. It acts with the participation mystique that is not only a connection with persons, or a bond with time widely separated periods, but also a logical connection of completely opposing ideas. One can imagine cultural development so that the emergence of a possibility of two logical alternatives through collective displacement of the other possibility is caused. In the context of individual concern ( neurosis ), one can also explain the disturbing emergence of certain unilateral contents of consciousness by repression.