Pasha

Pasha ( Ottoman پاشا; Turkish Pasha, pasha English, French pacha; Italian bassa or Pascià ) was in the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century and in the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt Empire and its successor states the title of the highest officials and military (see, for B. Kapudan Pascha). The title Pasha was after the name.

Until 1867, Pasha the Ottoman governor of a large province was ( Eyalet ). He often stood several Beys as governors of the provinces ( Beylik, Sanjak ). A special position is occupied the Dey of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, which at times enjoyed as Pasha highest degree of political autonomy.

As a badge of rank the pashas two to three Ross tails (TEA ) were carried before; this ancient custom was abolished by Sultan Mahmud II ( 1808-1839 ). In about equal the Agha of the Janissaries were (two to three Ross tails ). Managers titles were Grand Vizier ( five Ross tails ) and vizier ( three tails Ross ) downstream were Bey ( a horse 's tail ), lower Agha and Efendi.

In the context of the Turkish- German military cooperation in the 19th and 20th century some German received the title. Well-known examples are the officer Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz Pasha (1843-1916) and the railway engineer Heinrich August Meißner ( 1862-1940 ). In the 19th century, several Europeans were used to organize the administration in occupied territories and to put an end to the slave trade in the Sudan in the Ottoman Empire. Some of them also have obtained the rank of Pasha, as Eduard Schnitzer (Emin Pasha ), Charles George Gordon ( Gordon Pasha ) and Rudolf Slatin ( Slatin Pasha ).

In Turkey, the title in 1934, was abolished in Egypt in 1953.

Etymology

The German word Pasha goes back to the Turkish Pasha. For this there are various etymological derivations. Since it is often played in early European sources with b in initial position, is close to a return to the Turkish Basaga ( "Main sir," BaS ' head, main, top ' ağa 'Lord '). Addition, however, is also the derivation of the word from Middle Persian pati ' Mr. ' Šāh ' ruler ' ( cf. Persian PAD (i ) provided for ' Prince, King ' / turkish Padisah ' Sultan '). The son of a pasha was called in Turkish Paşazade, from the Persian زاده Zade ' descendant, child, son '.