Pawn structure
The pawn structure in chess describes the position of the individual farmer to another individual times a game. Often, the pawn structure is the main factor, according to which aligns the opening of a game.
- 2.1 pawn chain
- 2.2 Doppelbauer
- 2.3 Freibauer
- 2.4 Insulated Bauer
- 2.5 Re -employed farmer
General classification
We distinguish the following three cases in the classification of pawn structures:
Open pawn structure
From an open pawn structure is when to offer large spaces between the farmers, so that the other characters are hardly restricted in their freedom of movement by the peasants. Often found in an open structure repeated Bauerntäusche instead. Often a result of open pawn structures also open or at least semi-open lines, so that such pawn structures are usually associated with an offensive game.
Typical headways and openings in open pawn structures
Typical headways, which open into an open pawn structure are, for example
1 e4 - e5 2 Nf3 - Nc6 3 d4 or 1 e4 - e5 2 d4 - exd4 3 c3 or 1 d4 - d5 2 c4 - c5 Typical openings that lead to an open pawn structure are, for example, the main variant of the Italian game with 5 d2 -d4, Scottish, Spanish, and Gambit.
Semi-open pawn structure
In a semi-open pawn structure while spaces between the farmers are present, but these are not too big and can not always be used for the development (eg in French: For the c8-bishop only, the field remains d7, but which is not an ideal field. For this reason, incidentally, often played the Caro-Kann instead of French, but also disadvantages ). Bauerntäusche occur rarely, and even when, while no lines are usually open. Such pawn structure initially leads to something passiverem game, but leaves the possibility of rapid, surprising attacks too.
Typical headways and openings for half-open pawn structures
Typical move sequences that result in a half-open pawn structure are, for example
1 e4 - e6 2 d4 - d5 3 Sc3 - dxe4 or 1 e4 - c5 2 Nf3 - Nc6 3 d4 - cxd4 Typical openings that lead to a half-open pawn structure are, for example French, Caro-Kann, the Sicilian defense and some English versions and some systems of the Queen's Gambit Declined.
Closed pawn structure
Closed pawn structures offer no or almost no spaces between the farmers, often the structure so that block enemy and our own farmers and Bauerntäusche therefore not possible. Therefore there are no free or diagonal lines. Often the figures due to the lack of space to develop sub-optimal or not. The game is fixed for safety and often very defensive. Quick attacks are rare, usually the development is not fully completed.
Typical headways and openings in closed pawn structures
Typical headways, which open into a closed pawn structure are, for example
1 e4 - d6 2 d3 - e5 or 1 e4 - g6 2 Nf3 - Bg7 or 1 c4 - e6 2 g3 - Nf6 3 Lg2 - Nc6 Typical openings that lead to a closed pawn structure are, for example, the Modern Defence, some Sicilian and English versions as well as some variants of Indian openings.
Special structures
Pawn chain
Under a pawn chain is defined as a group of peasants, in which all participating farmers meet each other, ie the first is covered by the second, the second from the third, etc. For this purpose, the farmers have to all be on the same diagonal. The only uncovered a peasant farmer, although the structure is located at the base own row closest. Since this is not very accessible to the enemy due to the large distance to the own farmers, one often tries to attack the pawn chain front, which of course is a difficult task because there are too many pawn moves to delay their own development. Bauer chains restrict the enemy 's freedom of movement on a massive scale, as all farmers attack fields of the same color and so often one of the runners all the fields. Very often appear long peasant chains in the French opening, where the white farmers are in the fields, b2, c3, d4 and e5 or the enemy on f7, e6 and d5, in some cases even c4. In the case arise in the French opening closed positions.
Doppelbauer
In some games, it happens that after certain transactions shock two pawns of the same color are to be found on the same line, often immediately adjacent rows. Then one speaks of a Doppelbauer. Since double farmers can not meet each other, they are often a disadvantage for the position of the player concerned. But it can also happen that they are resolved quickly again by forcing the opponent to swap its own farmers against the front of the double peasants builder. The most dangerous are double peasants immediately before the king, because they can freely lines on which the opponent can attack undisturbed. Example: White pawn on f2 and f3 ( free g - line).
Yeoman
A pawn is a pawn, on its two adjacent lines are no opposing pawns that could beat the peasants on his possible path for the conversion yet. So a farmer is such a huge advantage, as it forces the opponent to use higher figures for intercepting free Bauer, whereby they are distracted by other functions. Not every pawn also leads to profit, most are pawns in central lines, pawn on the edge are in particular low- pieces on the board difficult to " push through " because they because of the board edge from one side only and not as in the middle of two the part can be supported.
Insulated Bauer
An isolated farmhouse, often called isolated pawn, is a farmer who is on a line, which is followed by the right and left lines on which no separate Bauer is. It can be easily attacked and difficult to cover because it can not defend its own farmers. So he binds his own figures, so that the position ultimately deteriorates. Isolated farmers are frequently observed among beginners who underestimate its ineffectiveness and vulnerability often and believe otherwise gain an edge. For example, on d4 is a white pawn on the c-file and on the e-file but no.
Re -employed farmer
This is a farmer whose neighboring farmers are already posted earlier and therefore no longer able to meet him. The effects correspond in general to those of a Isolanis. Example: d3 is a white pawn on c5 is a second and a third on e5. The d- pawn is backward.