Pécs

Pécs [ pe ː ʧ ] ( German Pécs, latin Quinque Ecclesiae, Croatian Pečuh, Serbian Pečuj ) with 147 719 inhabitants ( 2013), the fifth largest city of Hungary and the county seat of Baranya County. It is located near the Croatian border.

Pécs is a bishop 's seat and the seat of the University of Pécs and the center of the Danube Swabians and home to nine ethnic minorities with their own governments.

Pécs is located at the foot of the Mecsek Mountains and the numerous monuments give the place a Mediterranean atmosphere. On 19 October 2005, the city won the national pre -selection for the title of " European Capital of Culture 2010", judging the year's theme Pécs2010 European Capital of Culture from.

The University of Pécs offers to the study of human medicine and dentistry in German and English. An English-language study is offered at the Faculty of musical and visual arts.

  • 6.1 events
  • 6.2 traditions

History

Pécs is one of the oldest towns in Hungary, and was already a settlement site of prehistoric time. At the time of Roman rule, the city was under the name Sophianae since the third century an important town of the province of Pannonia. Later it was called (Latin ) Quinque Ecclesiae ( " five churches " ), resulting in her later German name derives five churches. The current name of the city is the first time in 1235 in a document as Pechut ( " Pécs way") emerged. In 1290 the city was named in a deed Peech. The meaning of the name is not clear, there are several theories to.

In 1367, King Louis the Great founded the first Hungarian university, at that time one of the earliest universities of Central Europe. From 1543 to 1686 Pécs was under Turkish rule. From this time many monuments are well preserved and has now been renovated.

Attractions

  • Cathedral (11th century, rebuilt in the 19th century with decorative paintings by the German painter Karl Christian Andreae )
  • Bishop's Palace
  • Episcopal Library, in the 18th century, established by Bishop György Klimo
  • Barbakán ( fortified tower )
  • National Theatre ( Nemzeti Színház ) of Adolf Lang and Antal Steinhardt ( opened in 1895 )
  • Gazi Mosque Khassim, rebuilt the Christian Church
  • Zsolnay fountain in the main square (Széchenyi tér - ), a gem of Art Nouveau with the typical eosin local majolica
  • Mosque of Pasha Jakovali Hassan, the best-preserved Islamic building in Hungary. The prayer room is used as a museum and shows Turkish history and art objects. Next to it is a 23 -meter high minaret.
  • Grave chapel of Idris Baba
  • Bath of pasha Memi ( Törökfürdő; Turkish bath)
  • Early Christian Necropolis of late Roman times with outstretched painted grave chambers (World Heritage Site )
  • Major museums such as the Csontvary Museum, Vasarely Museum, Zsolnay Museum, the Modern Hungarian Gallery and the Roman Lapidary
  • Numerous monuments, picturesque squares, south -looking courtyards and terraces with southern flair
  • Botanical Garden of the University of Pécs (PTE )
  • Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology (FVM Szőlészeti és Borászati ​​Kutatóintézete Pécs ) with one of the largest collections in the world of wine and table grapes ( almost 1,200 species )
  • TV tower on Mount Misina
  • Church on the Mount Havihegy (Snow Mountain )
  • Ruins on the Tettye
  • Synagogue, built in 1869
  • Zoo
  • The Pécs Árkád is the largest shopping center in Pécs. Built by ECE Project Management Center was opened in March 2004 and is home to 35,000 square feet of retail space 130 international and local businesses.
  • The Magasház ( Hung, " skyscraper ") is a 84-meter tall skyscraper with 25 floors in Pécs. It was built in 1974 and has been uninhabited since 1989 due to poor structural design (corrosion of prestressed concrete ). In 2006 it was strengthened, but it is still not inhabited. It is considered the highest unused skyscraper in Central Europe and is therefore even been entered in the Guinness Book of World Records.
  • The Architecture Award Brick Award was created in 2006 to the Hungarian architect Ferenc Ferenc Cságoly and cellar for an integrated in the historical surroundings in Pécs residential and office complex.

Economy and Transport

Pécs is the center of an industrial region (coal, uranium, leather, ceramics, beer and cigarettes as well as electronics). The 1997 adjusted uranium mining has been since 2006 with a concession for the Wildhorse Energy Limited ( WHE; seat Perth, Australia) examined for its efficiency. The test drilling in a region between the resort Abaliget northwest of Pécs and the Mecsek Mountains near the Pécs city center, make a fruitful uranium deposits likely leave, according to a feasibility study in conjunction with the sharp rise in recent years, the world market price of uranium, the resumption of uranium mining appear lucrative. On 27 June 2012, the Hungarian government announced its formal assurance for a joint venture between two Hungarian energy company and whe with the objective of reducing the ore deposits.

Since March 31, 2010 Pécs is fully accessible via the M6 ​​and M60 of Budapest. The road to Budapest via motorway is about 220 km. Is around 110 km to the Balaton, the Croatian border is about 35 km.

In addition, Pécs, with its main station ( Főpályaudvar ) a railway junction. There are regular intercity services to Budapest.

Since December 2003 Pécs has a small airport in the southern suburb of the classicism with landing rights for aircraft up to 40 tonnes in weight.

Population

Chronologically

The following graphic illustrates the development of PTE population since the year 1850.

Minorities

A smaller part of the German emigrants who lived in their home country in about twenty villages around Fulda, had come the end of the 18th century to Hungary. They call themselves " Stiffolder " what pin Fulda means because their ancestors came from the Bishopric of Fulda. In the city there are two German -language kindergartens and two high schools where German is taught as a nationality compartment.

In the cultural life of the Germans in Hungary Pécs is the most important city in Hungary. More than half of the German population of Hungary lives in the vicinity of the city. The Nikolaus Lenau Foundation in Pécs is one of the important German cultural institutions in Baranya county.

In Pécs is so far the only Roma high school in Hungary, the Gandhi School, which in 1994 took up teaching.

Sports

  • The Pécsi Mecsek FC is playing in the Hungarian National League football club.
  • The women's basketball team Mizo Pécs 2010 was several times Hungarian champion, Cup Winners' Cup and 2001 and 2004, third in the Euro League.

Culture

Events

  • From 8 to 14 April 2006 in the city of the Easter Seminar YEN ( Youth of European Nationalities) instead, which dealt with the peaceful coexistence of ethnic groups.
  • On 11 April 2006, the city was chosen by a seven-member EU jury for European Capital of Culture in 2010 and confirmed on 15 November 2006 by the Ministers of Culture Ministers of the then 25 EU member states.
  • Every year the National Theatre of Pécs meeting ( Pécsi Országos Színházi Találkozó, POSZT ), one of the biggest events in the theater life of Hungary, instead.
  • Rockmaraton fesztivál (Music Festival)
  • ICWiP (International Cultural Week in Pécs )
  • European Convival Winesong festivals
  • International Evening

Customs

A special custom in the city cultivate love and wedding couples by themselves insure their loyalty in a street near the cathedral opposite the plaque by János Nagy Berze by common attaching padlocks. The grids are now fully installed here (July 2013). Therefore, the city council had set up a completely designed by artists multiple grids in a green area nearby. It was opened in 2013 for the stated purpose.

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Pecevi Ibrahim (1572-1650), historian
  • Angster József (1834-1918), instrument particular organ builder
  • Marcel Breuer (1902-1981), architect and designer
  • Pál Dárdai (born 1976 ), football player at Hertha
  • András Dienes ( b. 1975 ), football player and youth international
  • Adolph Engel de Jánosi (1820-1903), Swedish industrialist
  • Josef Angel de Jánosi (1851-1939), royal Hungarian court counselor, writer and patron
  • Farkas Molnár Architect ( Bauhaus )
  • Wladimir Giesl Freiherr von Gieslingen (1860-1936), Austrian diplomat and Lieutenant-
  • Leopold Fejér (1880-1959), Hungarian mathematician
  • Fred Forbat (1897-1972), architect, city planner, and painter
  • Zoltán Gera ( born 1979 ), footballer with Fulham FC
  • Miklós Maros ( born 1943 ), composer
  • Ibolya flour (b. 1981) Women's Handball at Aalborg DH
  • Anton von Rosas (1791-1855), an Austrian ophthalmologist
  • Elisabeth Ruttkay (1926-2009), Austrian archaeologist
  • Johann Schweiger, locksmith, inventor of the push key in Berlin
  • Laszlo Solyom ( b. 1942 ), Hungarian politician, President of Hungary
  • Béla Tarr ( born 1955 ), Hungarian film director
  • Attila Tököli (born 1976 ), Hungarian football player
  • Emerich Ullmann (1861-1937), an Austrian surgeon, first kidney transplant ( the dog )
  • Victor Vasarely (1908-1997), French painter and graphic artist
  • Vilmos Zsolnay (1828-1900), Hungarian ceramic artist and industrialist

Twinning

  • Finland Lahti, Finland, since 1956
  • Bulgaria Sliven, Bulgaria, since 1969
  • Croatia Osijek, Croatia, since 1973
  • Germany Fellbach, Germany, since 1986
  • Austria Graz, Austria, since 1989
  • Romania Cluj-Napoca, Romania, since 1990
  • United States Seattle, United States, since 1991
  • United States Tucson, Arizona, USA, since 1992
  • Italy Terracina, Italy, since 1996
  • France Lyon, France, since 1998
  • Romania Arad, Romania, since 2008
  • Serbia Novi Sad, Serbia, since 2009

Air table

Lapidarium Lake Balaton Janus Pannonius İbrahim Peçevi Baron Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen Fulham F.C. Baksa, Hungary Ellend
401952
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