Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera

Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva, Marqués de Mancera (* 1585 in Úbeda, Jaén province, Spain, † March 9, 1654 in Mancera, Salamanca, Spain) was a Spanish officer and colonial administrator who served as Viceroy of Galicia and Peru.

Origin and career in Europe

Toledo was born into a noble family. He served in the Spanish Navy in the Mediterranean. 1607 he defended with five galleys under his command the Straits of Gibraltar against Arab attacks. The Viceroy of Naples ( which was then dominated Spanish ), appointed him to the State Council in 1622 and made him lieutenant-general of the Sicilian galley fleet.

Toledo married Luisa de Feijoo Novoa y Zamudio, who bore him a daughter ( Francisca María ). After her death he married in 1621 María Luisa de Salazar y Enríquez de Navarra. The couple had a son, Antonio, and a Daughter, Antonia.

For his services, King Philip IV raised him in 1623 for hereditary Marqués and appointed him to the council of war at the Spanish court.

1631 he took over the office of the governor and captain-general of the province of Galicia, which he held until 1637. He was in 1637 appointed governor of the Spanish occupation of Oran and the following year to the viceroy of Peru.

Term as Viceroy of Peru

In May 1639 to Toledo embarked to South America and reached in September 1639 Lima. In December 1639, he took office. At this time, the Pacific coast of South America was always the target of pirates under the Dutch and the English flag, but especially by the Portuguese, who operated from Brazil. Toledo was therefore strengthening the fortifications in some port cities, including Callao, Arica, Valdivia and Valparaíso. Thanks to his experience as a naval commander, he reorganized the forces of the Spanish Navy on site.

Toledo enriched the social life of Lima by literary evenings, where chocolate was served in special cups, the so-called Mancerinas.

For the colonial government of Peru of importance was the introduction of Papel Sellado - gesiegeltem paper that should make official documents fälchungssicherer. Toledo brought this innovation from Europe to South America.

In September 1648 Toledo handed with the end of his term the office to his successor. He returned to Europe and died in 1654 at its headquarters in Mancera.

His son Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo was appointed Viceroy of New Spain later.

Swell

  • Short Biography ( Spanish)
  • Short Biography ( Spanish)
  • Manuel de Mendiburu (1805-1885): Diccionario histórico - biográfico del Perú. 8 band Imprenta de Francisco J. Solis, Lima 1890 ( Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, accessed on 14 October 2013). pp. 72-84
  • Viceroy of Peru
  • Spaniard
  • History of Peru
  • Born in 1585
  • Died in 1654
  • Man
Province of Salamanca
53810
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