Pentanal

• N- Pentanal
• Amylaldehyd

Colorless liquid with a pungent odor

Liquid

0.81 g · cm -3 ( 20 ° C)

-92 ° C

103 ° C.

36 hPa ( 20 ° C)

Poorly soluble in water (14 g · l-1 at 20 ° C)

1.3944 (20 ° C)

Risk

4580 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Valeraldehyde (also n- pentanal ) is a colorless liquid with a fruity odor and belongs to the class of aldehydes. With its isomeric compounds isovaleraldehyde, 2- methyl butyraldehyde and pivalaldehyde it forms the substance group of pentanals.

Representation

Valeraldehyde obtained by hydroformylation of butene. As starting material and the C4 mixture as obtained in the steam cracking so-called Raffinate II may be used 1- butene, (Z) - and containing (E)- 2-butene, n-butane and isobutane. Reacting the product with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst system consisting of a rhodium - bisphosphite and a sterically hindered secondary amine with a selectivity to n-pentanal of at least 90 %.

Use

Valeraldehyde is used in various flavors (e.g. fruit flavors ), and as vulcanization accelerators. From valeraldehyde, 2- propyl-2- heptenal by aldol condensation, to the saturated branched alcohol 2- propyl heptanol (2- PH) is hydrogenated. This serves as starting material for the PVC plasticizer di-2- propylheptyl phthalate and after ethoxylation, with 5 or 7 EO units of non-ionic APEO ( alkyl phenol ethoxylate )-free detergents.

Safety

The vapors are irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Too long exposure may cause pulmonary edema. The vapors of pentanal combine with air to form an explosive mixture (flash point at 6 ° C, ignition temperature 205 ° C), when finely dispersed self-ignition is possible. With amines, ammonia, alkaline substances, polymerization takes place.