Pericardiocentesis

Under a pericardiocentesis ( pericardiocentesis ) refers to the diagnostic or therapeutic puncture of the pericardium with a needle.

Indications

The pericardiocentesis is performed only as a rule, when a pericardial effusion or - very rarely - a significant pneumopericardium is present, the more pronounced this is, the easier the puncture.

The puncture obtained can be assayed for infectious agents to tumor cells and inflammatory cells. If a large effusion is present, even a thin drainage can be placed in the pericardium, to achieve a more complete emptying.

Implementation

A pericardiocentesis should be performed only in a hospital by an experienced physician in the monitoring of the heart, circulation and respiration. Sedation of patients with midazolam or propofol is recommended. A local anesthetic, a sufficient disinfection and sterile procedures are necessary.

Today, it is usually carried out under ultrasound guidance because it failed punctures are better avoided. The coagulation values ​​should be checked before the puncture.

Possible complications

• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Cardiac injury
• Lung injury