Pezizales

Orange peel fungus ( Aleuria aurantia )

The cup -like Ling ( Pezizales ) are an order of ascomycetes ( Ascomycota ) and comprise many of the edible mushroom used as sac fungi, including truffles. You alone are the class of Pezizomycetes.

Features

The fruiting bodies are apothecia or cleistothecia, which are usually visible to the naked eye. They are fleshy or leathery consistency of. Many species are brightly colored or even dark by carotenoids. Paraphyses are formed. The asci are usually elongated and cylindrical, with kleistothezischen styles too roundish. The asci are thin-walled, have no apparent Apikalverdickung or Apikalapparat. At the tip of the ascus itself except for a kleistothezischen types operculum or a vertical slot. Through these structures, the ascospores are ejected forcibly. The ascospores are usually ellipsoidal or spherical, hyaline to dark pigmented, smooth or provided with surface structures.

Anamorphs are hyphomycetisch, if known.

Way of life

The species are Saprobionten on the ground, dead wood or dung. Some species, like the truffle, also live hypogeous (underground) and form mycorrhiza.

System

The cup -like Ling are the sister group of the remaining rights Ascomycota. They form a natural affinity group, so are a monophyletic taxon. The same is almost certainly for the individual families.

To order the following families are counted ( with selected genera and species ):

• Ascobolaceae with 5 genera Ascobolus

• Caloscypha

• Carbomyces

• Glaziella

• Helvella Herbstlorchel ( Helvella crispa )

• Karsten Ella

• Disciotis Morchelbecherling ( Disciotis venosa )

• Peziza

• Rhizina Wurzellorchel ( Rhizina undulata )

• Sarcoscypha Cinnabar Red chalice beaker Ling ( Sarcoscypha coccinea)

• Real truffles (Tuber )

• Delastria
• Discinella
• Filicupula
• Loculotuber
• Microeurotium
• Orcadia
• Urceolaria