Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant

F1

Active reactors ( gross ):

Decommissioned Reactors ( gross ):

The nuclear power plant Philipp (KKP ) is located near Phillipsburg in the district of Karlsruhe, Baden- Wurttemberg.

The first block ( KKP 1 ), a boiling water reactor, was started in 1970 and ended on 7 May 1979 to the network. It is almost identical with the three other German BWRs of construction line 69, namely the nuclear power plant crumbs, the nuclear power plant Brunsbuttel (both in Schleswig -Holstein ) and the Isar Nuclear Power Plant Block 1

The second block ( KKP 2 ) has a pressurized water reactor of the third generation (pre - convoy system) and went into operation on 17 December 1984. The nominal electric power of the KKP 1 is 926 MW, the KKP 2 1468 MW. The PPP is operated by EnBW Kernkraft GmbH.

According nuclear phase-out decision of 2002, the final shutdown of the KKP 1 for 2011/2012 was provided to the KKP 2 2016 / 2017. After re- amendment of the Atomic Energy Act of 2010 ( " maturity extension " ) the permanent shutdown of KKP 1 for 2026 and KKP 2 was planned for 2032.

KKP 1 was shut down on the morning of March 17, 2011 for the approved by the Federal Government three-month nuclear moratorium. End of May 2011 it was decided by the environment ministers of state and federal levels, shut down the block 1 permanently.

• 3.1 Data
• 3.2 history

• 4.1 Reportable event 06/ 2001: Too low boric acid concentration in the flood containers
• 4.2 Reportable event 07/2001: Too low tide levels in the containers
• 4.3 Other incidents

History of the plant

In 1969, the then planned nuclear power plant in Baden- Württemberg Planning mbH ( KBWP ) the construction of four identical boiling water reactor blocks of the construction line 69 on the boundary of the neighboring community of Oberhausen -Rheinhausen. After these plans were rejected there, it was decided to build the power plant on the island Rheinschanz the community Phillipsburg. 1971 emerged the nuclear power plant Philipp Burg GmbH (PPP ) from the KBWP. The plans were revised after that, you reduced the number of blocks of four to two. In 1977 was then - due to the anticipated future higher energy consumption - decided to build block 2 as pressurized water reactor.

In 2001, the then Federal Environment Minister Jürgen Trittin as part of the evaluation of the reportable events 06/2001 and 07 /2001 had the KKP 2 in early October from the mains and put the reliability of the operator in question. After personal consequences and technological and organizational changes, the investment with the approval subject to conditions Trittin went in December 2001 again.

Due to the reportable events 06/2001 and 07 /2001, the IAEA was called by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. In several weeks of investigation, the experts of the IAEA found that the KKP 2, as measured by international standards, is a very good investment. They praised the motivation and teamwork of the staff, the culture of safety, maintenance and aging management as well as the order and cleanliness in the area. Opportunities for improvement were identified by executives at the international experience, in the use of performance indicators and in the incidence of plant inspections. A follow-up study in 2006 confirmed the initial examination. The recommendations were thereby converted, according to the IAEA to 70 percent.

KKP 1

History

The planning application for KKP 1 was made in October 1969, just a year later, after the granting of the first partial construction permit on October 9, 1970, we began construction. Upon completion in 1979, the plant ran for almost a year in trial operation and was taken power at 100 percent on 18 February 1980. 2011 KKP 1 was finally shut down in the wake of the moratorium on nuclear phase-out of the Federal Cabinet Merkel II after 32 years of operation.

Data

The boiling water reactor in block 1 consists of 592 fuel assemblies with fuel rods of 96 (this corresponds to 102 tons uranium) and control rods 145, which have a length of 3.64 m, a break-in period of 120 seconds and a Schnellabschaltzeit 2.6 seconds. The reactor produced under full load thermal power of 2,575 MW and derive a net electrical capacity of 890 MW; this corresponds to a net efficiency of 34.5 %. In the reactor pressure vessel roll nine forced-circulation pumps ( LEP ) per hour max. 51,480 cubic meters of water to which escapes as steam -water mixture from the core. The high-pressure part of the steam turbine is fed per hour at 4982 tons of saturated steam at a temperature of 287 degrees and a pressure of 69 bar. The steam exits the high-pressure part of the turbine at 10.3 bar and 185 °, is passed through two water, dried in the intermediate superheaters means 400 t / h of bled steam in counter-current principle and overheated by approximately 50 degrees. Then the steam feeds two low pressure turbines before it is ever in a capacitor deposited by cooling with Rhine water and returned as condensate in the circulation. The complex has a natural draft wet cooling tower of 152 m height, which can be used in sequence mode or re-cooling operation. (see cooling by drying and evaporation)

KKP 2

Data

The pressurized water reactor in block 2 consists of 193 fuel elements (corresponding to approximately 103 tons of uranium ) and 61 control rods which have to have a length of 3.72 m, a break-in period of 375 seconds and a Schnellabschaltzeit of 1.7 seconds. In the primary circuit of the reactor coolant pumps circulate four to approximately 68,000 tons of water per hour. The water enters at a temperature of 326 degrees and a pressure of 158 bar in four steam generators where it is generated in 4,000 each U-tubes of the steam supply of the secondary circuit. The dining steam drives with around 65 bar, the turbine with a rated power of 1468 MW, after deduction of own consumption remains a net electrical capacity of 1402 MW, representing a net efficiency of 35.3 %, starting from a reactor thermal power of 3,950 MW. The system is equipped with a natural draft wet cooling tower, which is used both in the process operation as well as in the return cooling mode. The power supply is connected to the 380 kV high voltage level in the power grid of the transmission system operator Transnet BW.

History

The planning application for KKP 2 was made in June 1975 with the former Ministry of Economic Affairs and Transport in Stuttgart, construction began on July 20, 1977. Due to political reasons, the block was not as originally intended as a boiling water reactor, but as a pressurized water reactor of the pre-Convoy generation run. After the completion of the shell end 1981 to end 1983, the technical components have been installed. The hot test operation with fuel began in October 1984, the reactor was started up for the first time on 13 December 1984., On 17 December, the generator was first synchronized to the grid, on February 6, 1985 PPP ran for the first time under full load. The subject of the contract four week trial run at full power ended on April 13, 1985, on 17 April 1985, the plant was handed over by the manufacturer to the operator.

Since, in the meantime, the construction of the nuclear power plant Wyhl interrupted (and later stopped altogether ) was been used for Wyhl -1 already ordered and produced large components (including the reactor pressure vessel and steam generators) for PPP 2. Without problems This was possible because this block was virtually identical to the recording and scheduled block 1 in Wyhl. However, PPP -2 has now been brought to safety up to date.

Malfunctions and accidents

Reportable event 06/ 2001: Too low boric acid concentration in the flood containers

On 25 August 2001, it was observed a drop below the prescribed concentration of boric acid in one of four containers of emergency and residual heat removal system of the powered-up again on August 12 after the annual audit pressurized water reactor. Although one could assume that in the three other tanks there is an insufficient concentration of boric acid, these were not tested. On Monday, August 27, has been reported as the incident of the nuclear regulator, it was found that the concentration of boric acid was also in two other tanks under the prescribed 2200 ppm. The operating manual of installation exhibited in this case to an instruction to shut down the system if more than 3 safety -part arrangements are disrupted, in the meantime, however, the vessel was a aufboriert again, the operator did not take the facility therefore the mains. Had they found the Unterborierung on August 25, you would have the facility must immediately remove from the network. After reporting the event to the supervisor of the power plant unit was taken " to clarify the cause of this security related bug " at the insistence of the then Environment Minister Trittin from the mains. The event was handled by the operator as stage 0 of the INES scale. Later, it was assessed by the INES INES Officer 2. To such safety-related errors that were due to human error, to prevent future, extensive improvements have been made, further clarifies the operation manual, among other things, and implemented a safety management system. Extensive investigations revealed that of the event there is no danger to the public went out, because even a sufficient backup cooling system was possible with the lower boron content, even if two subsystems would have been. However, this was not known at the time of the event.

Reportable event 07/2001: Too low tide levels in the containers

The reviews of the event 06/2001, it was found that was driven subcritical hot for years after revisions and other shutdowns of the reactor without any flood tank of emergency and residual heat removal system had the necessary level, so no during startup in the subcritical state the operating manual was given appropriate emergency cooling. This represents a gross violation of safety regulations, which was already in the revisions of previous custom and practice also in other plants. As a result of the investigations of the Operations Manual had to be clarified. Similarly, as in the episode of June 2001 this event also by the operator to the N ( normal message ) level was reported. This message as an event of stage N was unlawful. Correct the stage S (direct message ) would have been. From INES officer the event was rated as level 2. This discrepancy pulled a parliamentary committee of inquiry by itself. Extensive investigations revealed that of the event there is no danger to the public went out, because even a sufficient backup cooling system was possible with the lower level, even if two subsystems would have been. However, this was not known at the time of the event.

Other incidents

• In block 1 leaks resulted in about 20 fuel on July 1, 1983 increased radioactivity in the cooling water. Also radioactive 131Iod passed into the environment.
• On 24 September 2002, there was a contamination within the surveillance area ( KKP -1)
• On April 25, 2004, there was the release of contaminated water into the environment (PPP -1)
• On December 28, 2005, there were KKP 2 to TUSA ( turbine trip ) due to the overfilling of the generator primary water container.
• In March 2006, a keychain, which contains, among other things, the key to the safety redundancy of block 1 disappeared without a trace, after which the prosecution was turned on. Some appropriate locks hundred were exchanged. Whether the keys have been stolen or misplaced, could not be found until today. - The State Government considered the incident for not notifiable in accordance with the respective ordinance ( AtSMV ) whose corresponding alteration might be needed but after a view from the parliament opposition.
• From 18 to 22 November 2006, the Block 2 had to be shut down due to a leak in the primary water collection tube (part of the generator cooling).
• On May 7, 2007, there was in Block 1 to another reportable event: the closure of two small fittings at the security gate of the containment vessel was forgotten when starting and it came out of the inerting nitrogen. This event was the category E ( Breaking News ) assigned INES 1.
• At a water loss of 280 000 liters from the spent fuel pool (BE Basin) occurred on 17 June 2010, it was missing was 6 cm, to a strand of BE- fuel pool cooling system would have been. This was reported to the supervisory authority in accordance with AtSMV. The fact was announced by an insider on March 15, 2011. A reporting requirement under AtSMV is still controversial.
• On 12 November 2011 Philipsburg 2 was shut down for repairs to a faulty seal.

Others

On the site there is a site interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel is a heavy metal weight of 1,600 tons. It has 152 pitches for Castor and went into operation in 2007. The nuclear power plant Phillipsburg is in partnership with the Tomari nuclear power plants in Japan, South Korea and Uljin in Khmelnitsky in Ukraine.

In addition to the switchgear is a 120 meters high, designed as a free-standing steel lattice radio tower construction for the internal radio of EnBW.

On 23 February 2000 climbed 40 Greenpeace activists on one of the cooling towers and deployed in about 150 meters Transparent after they were unnoticed reaches about 6 clock on the outer power plant site.

Data of the reactor units

The nuclear power plant Phillipsburg has a total of two blocks: