Phleum phleoides
Steppe timothy grass ( Phleum phleoides )
Quilting timothy grass ( Phleum phleoides ), also called gloss Lies grass, is a species of the genus Phleum ( Phleum ) within the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). It is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaf
The steppe timothy grass is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of mostly 20 to 50, rarely up to 90 centimeters. It is grassy growing. The upright or geknieten, wiry stems are often red, have two to three nodes ( more nodes ) and have no leaves in the upper part.
The stalk on alternate arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath and blade. The ligule ( ligule ) is rounded long wide with a length of 1 to 2 mm and is not ciliated. The 5 to 12 centimeters long and 1-4 mm wide leaf blade is thickened white at the edge and serrated indistinct at the top.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends from June to August. The ährenrispige inflorescence is smooth, with a length of 1.5 to 10 centimeters and a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 centimeters in outline and linear when bending limp and upward. The elongated with a length of 2.5 to 3 mm and laterally flattened spikelets each containing only one fertile flower and open during anthesis. Fertile spikelets are about an elongated stem. The flowers have the typical structure of grass flowers. The two relatively similar to the bottom separate, tough, membranous glumes are with a length of 2.5 to 3 millimeters relatively short and oblong with a pointed top, keeled and three annoying. The glumes have a patch lateral awn, characterized the spikelets appear truncated ( " boots enslaving like"). The lower glume is keeled, but not the top. The glumes have 1.3 - 1.5 times the length of the lower lemma. The bald or hairy fluffy membranous lemma is at a length of 1.7 to 2 millimeters ovate with blunt upper end, five annoying, not keeled and has no awn. The palea is as long as the lemma. There are two free membranous Schwellkörperchen ( Lodiculae ) available. The three anthers are about 1.5 millimeters long. The ovary is smooth.
The caryopsis is 1.3 millimeters long. The hilum punctiform.
Ecology
Using stepping - timothy grass is a hemicryptophytes. Pollination is by wind ( anemophily ).
Occurrence
It is a European- West Asian, Continental Florenelement. The distribution area of the steppe timothy grass ranges from the northern Iberian Peninsula over Central Europe to the south-east England and southern Scandinavia to the Baltic States, South Eastern Europe, Caucasus, West Asia and North Africa, Central Asia, east to Siberia and Mongolia to northern China, in the south to Pamir Mountains ago. It is absent in northern France, the Netherlands and the north-west German plain. Locations are found in Portugal, Spain, France (including Corsica), United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Belarus, Baltic Republics, Poland, European Russia, Ukraine ( including Crimea ), Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Moldova, Greece, in northern Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Aserbaitschan, Georgia, Ciskaukasien, Dagestan, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia and in northern China.
Quilting timothy grass grows best in shallow soil sandy and rocky soils, the base should be rich, but contain little lime and humus. At best it grows on clay and loess soils that are superficially decalcified. It takes a lot of summer heat and light. It is therefore preferable powdery dry grasslands on south-facing slopes, but also inhabited crevices, river banks part and sparse dry forests. In the Alps, it rises to altitudes of over 2000 meters.
The steppe timothy is the characteristic species of the phytosociological class of dry - steppe and grasslands ( Festuco - Brometea ), where it also has its main occurrence.
Taxonomy
The first publication was in 1753 under the name ( basionym ) Phalaris L. phleoides by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, S. 55 was the new combination to Phalaris phleoides 1880 by Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten in German flora. Pharmaceutisch - medicinische Botany ..., p 374 published. Synonyms for Phalaris phleoides (L.) H.Karst. are: Phalaris trigyna host, Phleum boehmeri weevil, Phleum boehmeri var macranthum Kauffm. ex B.Fedtsch. nom. nud. , Phleum laeve M.Bieb ..