Phospholipase C

Phosphoinositide phospholipase C ( phospholipase C, short- PLC ) are called enzymes, phosphatidylinositol -4 ,5 -bisphosphate ( PIP2 ) to inositol triphosphate (IP3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG ) hydrolyze. This reaction step is responsible for the transmission of signals from the cell exterior to the interior of the cell. Vertebrates have six types of PLCs ( β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η ), while lower eukaryotes have fewer PLC types. The types differ in their regulation and localization in the organism, and for each type there are several isoforms.

Function

Phospholipase C breaks in contrast to the phospholipase A1, A2 and D after activation phospholipids between glycerol and the phosphate group ( see diagram). Here are formed from phosphatidylinositol -4 ,5 -bisphosphate which are important for cellular signal transduction secondary signals inositol trisphosphate (IP3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG ).

Phospholipases of type Cβ are activated by G- proteins ( Gq ). This is stimulated by a signal of the G- protein coupled receptor (7 -TM receptors ), whereby the alpha subunit of Gq is activated. Possible signals can be hormones, neurohormones and sensory signals such as fragrances or light.

Phospholipases of type C?, However, be phosphorylated by receptor tyrosine kinases at a specific tyrosine residue. PLCγ also contains the SH2 and SH3 domains of proteins which bind to another signal response.

Phospholipase C

Function

See also