Phthalocyanine Blue BN
- Tetrabenzo -5 ,10,15,20 - diaza porphyrin phthalocyanine
- Copper phthalocyanine
- Heliogenblau B
- Phthalocyanine - copper - II complex
- Phthalocyanine
- C. I. 74160
- C. I. Pigment Blue 15
- C 13
- CuPc
Blue, odorless solid
Fixed
1.62 g · cm -3
> 150 ° C
- Practically insoluble in water
- Soluble in sulfuric acid
> 15,000 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Copper is a chemical complex compound between copper and phthalocyanine. It is a blue solid which is in the form of a powder or shiny metallic needles. Copper phthalocyanine blue pigment is the most important nowadays. It is used inter alia for paints, plastics and inks. Copper phthalocyanine pigments have high temperature resistance and excellent fastness to light, weather and chemical influences.
History
1927 were reported by Henri de This Bach and E. von der Weid in the journal Helvetica Chimica Acta on the synthesis of copper phthalocyanine and its properties and color brilliance, but without recognizing the economic importance. 1934 produced ICI in Trafford Park (Manchester), the first copper phthalocyanine ( CuPc) and brought it to market, in Germany known as Monastralechtblau B. 1936, Bayer with its own manufacturing process of CuPc under the trade name Heliogenblau B thereto. The inorganic pigments used hitherto ultramarine and Prussian blue have been largely replaced in the following years. 1993, more than 10,000 tons per year have already been produced.
Production and representation
Copper phthalocyanine is prepared industrially by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with copper ( I) chloride and urea, and ammonium as a catalyst under heating. An alternative process is the thermal reaction of phthalonitrile with metallic copper or copper salts in the presence of ammonia or urea.
Properties
Copper exists in eleven modifications, three of which are of economic importance. These are the less thermally stable reddish α - form (CI Pigment Blue 15:0, 15:1 and 15:2 ), the stable β - form greenish (CI Pigment Blue 15:3 and 15:4 ), and the strong reddish ε - form (CI pigment Blue 15:6 ).
Use
The vast majority of copper is used as the high real pigment. It is the most common in the amount of pigment for the blue color range in paints and coatings, plastics and printing inks. For example, the blue paper bins are colored with this pigment. Several, particularly quality-controlled brands are approved for use as colorants for consumer products, for use in polishes, stamping inks, cosmetics and food packaging materials.
In the field of paints and coatings, the α - and β - modification which the pigments are used as standard in the field of blue. The ε - modification has a greenish tone, but works because of the unstable pigment properties in paints reddish. This is because this color change represents a specialty for automotive metallic coatings
In printing inks, the β -modification of copper phthalocyanine pigment (Pigment Blue 15:3 ) of the cyan standard for three-color printing.
Copper phthalocyanine is one of the most commonly used Donatormaterialen in organic solar cells, where it is responsible for a major part of the absorption due to its blue color.
The central atom of copper stabilizes the compound against reduction, so that the Cu - Dihydrophthalocyanin is obtained only with strong reducing agent and is oxidized immediately back to the blue pigment. In contrast, cobalt phthalocyanine forms a stable, colorless dihydro- compound which is stable to moderate oxidation. It is used in documents papers as a security feature against oxidative corruption. The slightly colored dihydro- nickel compound is already oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to a greenish blue pigment - depending on the position in the periodic table of the eighth subgroup: cobalt - nickel - copper.
A smaller portion of copper is chlorinated and used as phthalocyanine, pigment most frequently used in the green color range. Also a smaller part is sulfonated or sulphochlorinated; these compounds are further processed mainly to blue disperse dyes with a reddish tint and good fastness properties.