Phylloporus pelletieri
European Goldblatt ( Phylloporus Pelletieri )
The European Goldblatt ( Phylloporus Pelletieri, syn. Xerocomus rhodoxanthus ss auct.. Europ. ) Is a rare, edible Dickröhrlingsverwandter. The fungus is the only European representative of the genus leaves boletes ( Phylloporus ) - worldwide there are still nine other species. The genus represents the transition from lamellar to tubular mushrooms, which is why the gold leaf had been assigned to several genera in the past, including for example the brim pieces ( Paxillus ) and funnel pieces ( Clitocybe ).
The name refers to the bright yellow and exceptional for Dickröhrlingsverwandte laminar hymenophore.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat reached a diameter from 2.5 to 8 centimeters and is shaped hemispherical and later in young mushrooms to depressed, has a dry, velvety surface with reddish- brown color. The flesh is firm, mild and poor in taste, yellowish tinged with red and does not change the color in the air. The fins are branched, grown decurrent with sharp edges and the stem and sometimes stunted porous. In young mushrooms they are of a bright yellow, then darker yellow to brown color. The stem is 33 to 41 mm high and 5-8 mm thick, cylindrical and tapered shaped at the base, smooth, dry, red-brown on top and light brown on the bottom.
Microscopic characteristics
The 30-40 x 8-10 microns large basidia form elliptical or spindle-shaped, smooth and ocher - yellow spores. Their dimensions are 10-14 x 3.5-5 microns. Also located in the fruit layer -spindle, cylindrical or club-shaped cystidia sometimes weak. They are 50-90 microns long and 8-15 microns wide. The Hutdeckschicht is a Trichoderma and is composed of relatively kurzzelligen, erect or ascending hyphae. The 10-20 microns wide end members are usually covered with yellowish- brownish incrustations.
Artabgrenzung
Seen from above, could the European Goldblatt also because of the felt-like and almost identical colored hat surface most closely with the goats lip ( Xerocomus subtomentosus ) and the commons Rotfuß Boletus ( Xerocomellus chrysenteron ) confused. A look at the Hutunterseite quickly but creates clarity: The fruiting bodies of both " Double" have a tube layer on the Hutunterseite.
Ecology and phenology
The European Goldblatt preferred roadsides, crashes, embankments and similar bodies, are rare finds in the midst of forests. The type fruktifiziert like individually or in only a few copies. She has a preference for acidic to almost neutral, fresh soils and avoids calcareous subsoil. They especially like the fungus colonized sandy, well drained soils - waterlogging, however, he seems to shy away from. But loamy soils are eligible if they remain sufficiently dry. The fungus has an affinity for beech and beech-fir forests, but could already be detected in spruce or pine forests.
In Europe, the European Goldblatt fruktifiziert July to October, the focus is in August. In the following months, the findings sound out slowly.
Dissemination
The species is widespread in America, but is considered by some authors as a separate taxon. In addition, the fungus is found on most continents, but lacking in cold regions and in the tropical lowlands. Except for the northern regions, it occurs also in Europe. In Germany, the European Gold leaf is only moderately prevalent with larger gaps in the foothills of the Alps and in the areas with calcareous soils. In the North German lowland type is completely missing.
In Baden- Württemberg is the European gold leaf, especially in the northern Upper Rhine area, widely used in the Black Forest, the Swabian-Franconian Forest in Upper Swabia and Lake Constance region. In contrast, the species is if ever find only sporadically in the Gäulandschaften from the Main to the Baar as well as on the Swabian Alb. In Keuper- Lias - country type occurs only in the eastern part on a little more often.