Picea koraiensis

Branch with needles of a young tree

Picea koraiensis is a species in the family (Pinaceae ). It is native to eastern Asia.

Description

Picea koraiensis can grow as evergreen tree, the growth heights of up to 30 meters and diameter at breast height of up to 80 centimeters reached. The stem ends in a pyramid-shaped crown. The gray to reddish brown, rarely gray Stammborke flakes. The smooth or hairy bark of thin twigs is initially yellow to yellowish brown to reddish brown in color and turns up in the second or third year towards yellowish, reddish or grayish brown.

The slightly resinous, reddish brown winter buds are conical - ovoid. The needles are straight or curved linear- shaped rectangular with a length from 1.2 to 2.2 centimeters and a width from 0.15 to 0.18 inches and have a quadrilateral cross -section. Your tip is pointed. On all sides there are two needle to four Stomatalinien.

Picea koraiensis is monoecious - getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ) and the flowering season extends from May to June. The pins are oval to cylindrical in shape, with a length 5 to 8 centimeters, and a thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. They are initially green and change color to mature in September or October through yellowish brown to brown. The seed scales are obovate to oblong - obovate and 1.5 to 1.9 centimeters long and 1.2 to 1.5 inches wide. The inverted - ovate, dark gray seeds are about 4 millimeters long. They have a light brown, almost oblong- ovate wrong - wing, which is 0.9 to 1.5 inches long.

Distribution and location

The natural range of Picea koraiensis is located in North Korea, in south-eastern Russia and the northeastern China. In North Korea, one finds the kind especially along the Yalu River and in Russia in the Primorsky region along the river Ussuri. In China, she comes in, located in the province of Jilin Changbai Mountain and in Liaoning, Heilongjiang in the southern and the northern Inner Mongolia before.

Picea koraiensis thrives at altitudes 400-1800 m. It is a species of cool climate with snowy winters. The annual rainfall is about 1000 mm. The species grows mainly on mountain slopes and along rivers on different types of soils. There are usually mixed stands, especially with other conifers such as the East Siberian fir ( Abies nephrolepis ), the Dahurischen larch (Larix gmelinii ) and the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica ) are formed. In the northern part of the range, the Siberian spruce comes (Picea obovata ) is added as a socialized way.

Picea koraiensis is classified as " not at risk " in the IUCN Red List. The variety pungsanensis but is classified Due to the missing data in any risk category could be at risk because of their small distribution area. The main hazard reasons are wood felling and deforestation, known mainly in the Russian part of the range.

Use

The wood of Picea koraiensis is used as lumber for furniture and shipbuilding as well as for the production of carvings, masts and paper use. From the trunk is resin and the bark and the pin tannins are obtained. Furthermore, the species is planted as an ornamental tree and for reforestation.

System

Picea koraiensis is within the genre of spruce (Picea ) the subgenus Picea, Picea section, the subsection Picea and Picea series assigned.

The first description as Picea koraiensis Nakai Takenoshin was 1919 in the Botanical Magazine, Volume 33, page 195

The species is divided into up to three varieties:

• Picea koraiensis var koraiensis is the nominate form.
• Picea koraiensis var nenjiangensis S.Q. Never & X.Y. Yuan occurs in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang.
• Picea koraiensis var pungsanensis ( Uyeki ex Nakai ) Farjon occurs in North Korea only on the mountain Pung- san. A synonym is Picea pungsanensis Uyeki ex Nakai.

Swell

• Christopher J. Earle: Picea koraiensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, retrieved on July 31, 2013 ( English).
• Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae. Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3, Picea koraiensis, p.27 ( this printed work is the same text online, Picea koraiensis - Online).