Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours [ pjɛ ː ʀ samɥɛl dypɔ dənəmu ː ʀ ] ( born December 14, 1739 Paris, † August 6, 1817 in Eleutherian Mills, Delaware, United States) was a French economist.
Life
Training
He was the son of the Parisian watchmaker Samuel du Pont de Nemours (1708-1776) and Anne Alexandrine de Montchanin ( 1718-1756 ).
He, too, learned the watchmaker's craft from his father, but then worked intensively on the insistence of his mother with the humanities. P. S. Du Pont was devoted to the classical studies of economics and became a follower of the doctrine of François Quesnay, whose dissemination he contributed very much.
He edited the Journal de l'agriculture, the Ephemerides du citoyen and wrote Physiocratie, ou constitution naturelle du gouvernement le plus avantageux au genre humaine (Paris 1768, 2 vols ), a work in which the ideas of the Physiocrats school are clearly stated and the school gave the name.
In 1766 he married Nicole Marie Le Dee de Rencourt ( 1743-1784 ), his first wife. Both they had three children, Victor Marie du Pont de Nemours (1767-1827), Paul François du Pont de Nemours (1769-1770) and Eleuthère Irenee du Pont de Nemours ( 1771-1834 ).
Rise
In 1774 he accepted an invitation of the Polish-Lithuanian king, Stanisław August Poniatowski and helped spot in the organization of the education system.
End of the 1770s he was economic advisor to Jacques Necker. During the economic crises of state of pre-revolutionary France took over on November 3, 1783 Charles Alexandre de Calonne his position as Controller-General of Finances, Contrôleur général des finances under the reign of Louis XVI. Du Pont de Nemours was an economist in the government of Calonne, Commissaire général du Commerce With Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier together he worked from 1785 to the Committee of Direction of Agriculture, Comité d' Administration de l'Agriculture.
At the beginning of the 1780s he was involved with in the negotiations on the British -German Trade Agreement of 1786. In 1786 he was appointed Counseiller d'Etat of Louis XVI. appointed, and the following year he was called to the Secretary of the Assemblées of notables in Versailles. He also served as a member of the National Assembly constituante (1789-1791), where he joined the moderate Girondins Group. When he was in 1791 without income, Lavoisier gave him a cash advance to purchase the print shop at the Hôtel de Villiers Breton. It was the former printing works of the Ferme générale, which had recently been abolished.
Revolution
After the takeover of power by Maximilien de Robespierre, also PS was in July 1794 du Pont as a reactionary, réactionnaire arrested. He escaped the guillotine by the fall of Robespierre. In 1795 he was elected as a member of the Council of the Five Hundred, the Conseil des Anciens. After the coup of September 4, 1795 he was arrested again for a night.
Made himself unpopular with the government for his activities, he had to emigrate and returned only after Turgot's appointment as Finance Minister to France. In a subordinate position whose faithful assistant, he was removed in the fall of Turgot from the shops and employed only under Calonne as the State Council again. As a member of the National Assembly, he was especially in financial matters from his voice.
Policy
After the execution of Antoine Lavoisier in 1794 he showed an interest in relation to his widow Marie Lavoisier, but his courtship rejected in favor of Benjamin Thompson.
His second wife was the widowed since 1786 Marie Francoise Robin Poivre, who was born Marie Françoise Robin de Livet ( 1748-1841 ). P. S. Dupont de Nemours marries the literary educated woman on Sunday, September 27, 1795 from her first marriage to Pierre Poivre they had three children: . Poivre Marie ( 1768-1787 ) François Julienne Ile -de -France Poivre ( 1770-1845 ) and Sarah Poivre ( 1773-1814 ).
Later, a member of the council of the elders, the Conseil des Anciens (see also Direktionalverfassung ) he had to look in the United States for asylum as a fierce opponent of the faction of the Jacobins and returned only after the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire so after after November 9, 1799 France, where he took over the Board of several non-profit institutions, including the Bank of the Chamber of Commerce.
1802 Pierre Samuel du Pont was won for the negotiation of the Louisiana Purchase, vente de la Louisiane, to acquire an operation that has enabled the United States in 1803, the former Louisiana colony of France. Jefferson had first constitutional and political concerns. The French Foreign Minister Charles -Maurice de Talleyrand -Périgord was strictly against the sale because he saw an end to the French secret plans to take over North America in it. Du Pont was living at that time back in the U.S. and had close links with both Thomas Jefferson as well as to influential political circles in France. During a private stay in France he got in touch to Napoleon Bonaparte.
After his fall, he was in 1814 appointed secretary of the Provisional Government and then from Louis XVIII. appointed State Council, the Conseil d' État, but went with Napoleon's return again to America, where he settled with his sons on the Delaware. One of his sons was Eleuthère Irenee du Pont (1771-1834) notably the founder and longtime director of EI du Pont de Nemours and Company, a large industrial company. Respected General he died in 1817. His second son, Victor Marie du Pont de Nemours ( 1767-1827 ), completed a diplomatic career and worked among other things as Consul of France in the United States.
Work
- Philosophie de l' univers ( 3rd edition, Paris, 1799).
- Most in periodic writings etc. scattered essays collected appeared as Opuscules morales et philosophiques (Paris 1805, some of them in the 2nd vol of the Collection of principaux Economistes, ibid 1846).
- He gave up the oeuvre de Turgut (Paris 1809, 9 vols ).