Pinus hwangshanensis
Pinus hwangshanensis
Pinus hwangshanensis is an evergreen coniferous tree of the genus pine (Pinus ), usually with 10 to 17 centimeters long needles and grown 3-6 cm long seed cones. The distribution area is located in China, where it grows in mixed forests at altitudes of 500 to 2500 meters. She is not at risk. The wood of the species is of high quality and is used for various applications, the species is cultivated as a bonsai.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Habit
Buds and needles
The buds are ovate - conical to cylindrical, 10-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide and resinous. The bud scales grow pressed and are colored reddish or maroon. The needles grow in pairs in a lasting, 5 to 10 millimeters long, thin needle sheath. The needles are dark green, straight or slightly curved, sometimes 5 usually 10 to 17 centimeters long and 0.6 to 1 mm wide, thin, pliable, easily turned and pointed. The edges are finely serrated. On each side of the needle, there are fine stomatal lines. The needles remain three to four years on the tree.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow spirally arranged. They are short cylindrical, 1.5 to 2 inches long, at first crowded yellow and reddish, later reddish brown. The seed cones grow singly or rarely in pairs on short stalks. They are 3-6 inches long, narrow ovate closed. They open in late winter and then 2.5 to 5 centimeters wide, and then remain for a long time on the tree. The seed scales are chocolate brown, thinly woody, stiff and elongated and in the middle of large cones about 2.5 inches long and 1.3 inches wide. The apophysis is rhombic or has a rounded upper edge. It is flat, transversely keeled, light brown slightly wrinkled and shiny. The umbo is broadly elliptical, depressed, and reinforced with a narrow, lasting sting. The seeds are dark brown, elliptic- ovate, 5-6 mm long and slightly flattened. The seed wing is 15 to 20 millimeters long and consistently.
Distribution, habitat requirements and risk
The natural range of Pinus hwangshanensis located in China in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, in the middle of Guangxi, Guizhou, in the south of Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, in the southeast of Yunnan and Zhejiang. It grows in montane, deciduous mixed forests in open areas on mountain slopes and ridges at elevations of 500 to 2500 meters. This type of forest occurs mostly north of evergreen broadleaf forests on a large transition zone. You also dominates higher altitudes further south, where the evergreen forests were displaced in valleys and plains by agriculture. The most common deciduous trees in this environment, representatives from the beech family ( Fagaceae ).
The IUCN Red List is led Pinus hwangshanensis as not at risk ( " Lower Risk / least concern "). It is noted, however, that a reassessment is pending.
Systematics and history of research
Pinus hwangshanensis is a species in the genus of pine (Pinus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Pinus, section Pinus and Pinus subsection. It was first described in 1936 by Hsia Wei Ying in Contributions from the Institute of Botany, National Academy of Peiping. The species resembles Pinus luchuensis from Japan and Pinus taiwanensis from Taiwan, but differs from these species by the lasting sting on the umbo the depressed seed scales. In addition, the buds are darker than those of Pinus taiwanensis. Synonyms of species are Pinus luchuensis Mayr var hwangshanensis CLWu and Pinus luchuensis Mayr subsp. hwangshanensis W.Y.Hsia. The genus name Pinus was already used by the Romans for several pine species. The specific epithet refers to the hwangshanensis Huang Shan Mountains in southern Anhui.
Use
The wood of Pinus hwangshanensis is high quality and has sufficient strength to use it for the construction of houses and bridges and for the manufacture of railway sleepers and pit props. It is used for the construction of fences and gates, and for the manufacture of boxes. Furthermore, from panels, floors, and other products domestically and industrially used, plywood, fiberboard and paper are produced. Forestry plantations are held only in the southeast of China. The species is a popular bonsai in East Asia.