Pitch accent

As " Rhenish sharpening " or Schleifton is referred to in the Ripuarian and Limburg languages ​​of either typical for these languages ​​tonal accents. The accent is perceived as "typical Rhenish " intonation or " Rhenish singsong " in the rest of the German and Dutch / Flemish language area.

The sharpening is a special kind of vocal emphasis. It is characterized by a change in pitch and pressure curve, which often begins with a high note with high pressure, both of which fall off rapidly and then more slowly climb approximately back to its normal level. However, there is an obvious large number of divergent individual characteristics of Schleiftons determined next to the dialect of several different factors.

• 3.1 Transcriptions

Other names

The Dutch and Flemish literature, this pitch accent as sleeptoon, also referred to as " pitch accent 1" in German.

The other pitch accent of Ripuarian and Limburg languages ​​is the Stoßton, also stoottoon Dutch or German called " pitch accent 2 ".

Dissemination

Geographically

The Limburg Schleifton occurs ( thus also in the German-speaking part of Belgium, the former Eupen - Malmedy), the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and in the summary in the province of Limburg in the Netherlands, in the province of Limburg in Belgium, in a part of the province of Luxembourg in Belgium Rhineland designated parts of the German federal states of Rhineland -Palatinate and North Rhine -Westphalia. This includes some large or well-known cities, including Aachen, Bitburg, Bonn, Dusseldorf, Eupen, Hasselt, Heerlen, Heinberg, Jülich, Kerkrade, Cologne, Koblenz, Krefeld, Leverkusen, Luxembourg, Maastricht, Mönchengladbach, Prüm, Siegburg, Tongeren, Trier, Venlo, Weert and a small part of Wuppertal.

After language groups

In Ripuarian and Limburg speaking countries, Rhineland sharpening is omnipresent. There is hardly a sentence in which it does not occur at least once. In the western Moselle Franconian including the Luxembourg it is rare.

Representation in Scripture

In the usual case in the languages ​​in the sharpening is not detected. Since in the majority of cases the sharpening coincides with a long vowel or a long syllable, tend authors in the area of ​​influence of the Dutch standard language and its writing rules to use when sharpened vowels or syllables diphthongs or "ie". Analogously to find this also in the sphere of influence of the German standard language and spelling, and in addition often vowels, where "h" follows.

Transcriptions

In the IPA phonetics have their own characters for the Tonverlauf. However, they are best used in a narrow phonetic transcription. Otherwise, the sheer length specification dominates with the sign [ ˑ ], which is phonologically in the great majority of cases are equivalent. As an exception, occasionally also [. ] Used.

In the Rhenish dialectology before the Second World War, it was common beginning and end of the sharpening in phonetic transcripts with [ ˑ. Highlight ], ie for the German word "trap" in Aachen dialect, a notation, which dates back to the Bonn Professor Frings, for example, [ va ˑ l ].

The Rhenish documentation from 1983 leads originally a no labeling of the Rhine and sharpening their authors recommend not using the mark.

The Teuthonista also defines no markings for the various forms of the Rhenish sharpening, although such would be quite possible. The Rhineland and Limburg are not part of the usual field of application of Teuthonista.

Examples

The two words with the same spelling zie occur in many (Western) Limburg languages. Intones With the same sequence of sounds in two different ways, is the meaning of " woman " with Stoßton and "page" of Schleifton.

In Mestreechs one knows bij [ bɛi ], which in German means " with " or without "Bee " with sharpening, and very similar spoken in Kölschen the words in (no sharpening) and At ( with sharpening), each with the same meaning.

The word kiëske in the dialect of the Belgian city of Hasselt in German means " Käslein " with or without " Strümpfchen " with sharpening of the double vowel.

One writes kaal in Jömelejer Plat and that means " talk " with Schleifton or " bald " without the sharpening. Both vowels are long. There are Gemmernicher platform but also short vowels with sharpening, for example, in the minimal pair bökske, the " panties " means with sharpening " booklet" and without sharpening.

Although the tonal accents are occupied with the term " Lexical tone ," she often serve to mark grammatical, syntactical or focus differences in the set. In Kölschen the nominative of the word " horse " dat Pääd example, has a Stoßton, whereas the dative insulation Pähd always speak with Schleifton. Also in Kölschen is the normal declarative sentence " This is bad " it Dat schlääsch talked to a Stoßton on the last syllable. However, if we complain loudly and vehemently, Boh, it schlääsch dat! "My goodness, that's bad! ", So you get the last syllable of a Schleifton.

Swell

• Christa Bhatt, Mr. Alice ways: The Kölsche dictionary. 2nd edition. J. P. Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-7616-1942-1.
• Alice Mr ways: Mer liehre Kölsch - ävver Flöck, Intensive Kölschen language. J. P. Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-7616-2032-2.
• Alice Mr ways: Mer Liere Kölsch - ävver höösch. J. P. Bachem Verlag, Köln 2008, ISBN 978-3-7616-2201-8.